The second part of the paper continues the examination of the new methodological provisions of the system of national accounts, building on the discussion initiated in the previous publication. It analyzes key changes in the accounting of economic transactions, with particular attention to digital services, globalization, the composition of production costs under the sum‑of‑costs valuation method, and new approaches to measuring central bank operations.

Special attention is given to the methodological provisions of the 2025 SNA concerning the assessment of well‑being and sustainability, including the conceptual content of these categories and the tools proposed for their measurement. The inclusion of these elements in the System of National Accounts represents one of the most significant conceptual innovations in the methodology of macroeconomic statistics. It is noted that several accounts introduced to assess well‑being and sustainability rely on theoretical premises that extend beyond the production boundary and the asset structure of the integrated framework. The recognition of the need to incorporate such indicators into the SNA, along with the proposed comprehensive approach to their measurement, marks a new stage in the development of national accounting.

The paper also examines new components of the integrated SNA framework, in particular the use of distributional accounts to provide a more detailed representation of household sector transactions within the sequence of economic accounts and labour market tables.

The study further characterizes the accounts of unpaid household service work and two thematic accounts – for education and training, and health – compiled outside the integrated SNA framework. It is noted that the indicators of the thematic account «Education and Training», together with data derived from the accounts and tables of the integrated SNA framework, are essential for calculating human capital indicators, which, combined with estimates of natural capital components, form the basis for measuring sustainable development.

The article analyzes key updates to the 2025 System of National Accounts (2025 SNA) concerning measurement of natural capital and sustainable development and explores the possibilities of their application to improve non‑financial reporting of oil and gas companies.

The focus is on expanding the concept of natural capital and incorporating ecosystem assets and ecosystem services into macroeconomic measurement. It is shown that the integration of the System of Environmental‑Economic Accounting (SEEA) into the updated SNA creates a methodological basis for harmonizing corporate sustainability reporting with the system of national accounts and macroeconomic statistics. The identified changes are particularly significant for the oil and gas sector, given its considerable impact on the environment.

As a practical tool for applying SEEA methodology at the corporate level, a system of sustainable development sub‑accounts (SDS) is proposed, integrated into companies' non‑financial reporting and containing nine sub‑accounts in three areas: carbon regulation, environmental protection expenditure, and social responsibility. The SDS system’s applicability is shown by the examples of Russian oil and gas companies’ (Rosneft, Lukoil, and Novatek) non‑financial reporting.

The developed approach enables the aggregation of corporate data into the system of national accounts and the reflection of sustainable development indicators therein.

The paper discusses theoretical and applied researches related to active use of new data types for calculation of the Consumer Price Indices (CPI). The first part provides a summary of research in this area from the late 1990s to the present time. Based on the reports of the Ottawa Group on Price Indices, two main approaches of scanner data use have been identified. The first approach involves price indices calculating on the base of different formulas and comparing their values in order to identify the most stable relationships for high‑frequency, primarily weekly, data. This approach includes the research of GEKS method and its modifications and analysis of the «classic» work by Ivancic, Fox, and Diewert on this method. Another approach involves adjusting price indices to change in the quality of goods, for which hedonic regression methods are used.

The second part of this article provides a brief overview of international standards related to the theory and practice of implementing scanner data in the calculation of CPI. The third part presents the experience of countries using scanner data in the calculation of price indices. The article focuses on the work of Statistics Netherlands, which has been transforming the methodology for calculating CPI since 2002 by introducing a new type of data. Norway, Denmark, and Sweden also offer specific methods for processing scanner data.

A summary of scientific research, international standards and the experience of transforming the methodology for calculating the CPI, leads to two conclusions. The first conclusion is that there is a renewed interest in superlative (hyperbolic) indices. The second oneis that the amount of scanner data, determined by the number of sellers and buyers, is a significant limitation in the use of scanner data in the condition of data collection digitalization.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of hydropower in the Russian Federation for the period 2010–2024, including an assessment of its role in the country's energy balance, regional characteristics, investment dynamics, and Russia's international position. Based on data from strategic documents of the Russian Federation, industry statistics, and reports from PJSC RusHydro, the authors examine the key trends that have emerged: a slight decrease in the share of hydroelectric power plants in the overall structure of installed capacity, a steady increase in electricity generation, and concentration of capacity primarily in Siberia and the Far East. Significant regional imba‑ lances are identified. The largest capacity increases are observed in the integrated energy systems of the Russian East, South, and Siberia, while stagnation is observed in Central Russia. The article emphasizes that in a number of regions of the North Caucasus, hydropower almost completely meets local electricity needs.

A comparison is made with the world leader, China, which has accounted for more than half of the global increase in hydroelectric capacity over the past 25 years. It is noted that funding for investment projects in the Russian hydropower sector has fallen almost in half, creating serious constraints on the industry's development. The scientific novelty of the article lies in identifying the current balance of development factors and proposing structured measures to strengthen them, grouped by financial, investment, technological, regional, and infrastructural areas.

In conclusion, the authors note that Russia's strategic priorities have shifted toward developing the hydroelectric potential of its eastern territories and ensuring energy security, while decarbonization remains the global driver.

This article presents a scientifically based methodology for constructing an integrated index of the attractiveness of Russian regions for domestic tourism. Currently, the development of domestic tourism is of particular strategic importance for balanced regional development and diversification of sources of economic growth. It is noted that existing approaches to assessing the tourist attractiveness of Russian regions are based on methodological fragmentation and the lack of a unified system of statistical indicators.

The purpose of this study is to design a scientifically grounded methodology for constructing an integrated index of regional attractiveness for domestic tourism, based on statistical analysis methods. As a result, the study has developed a system of statistical indicators that include the infrastructure, natural and recreational, cultural and historical, economic, and institutional components of tourist attractiveness. The procedures for normalizing these indicators and determining the weight coefficients using both universal scaling and the principal component method with expert analysis were also substantiated (principal component analysis, expert‑analytical approach). The methodology was tested on a representative sample of regions using cluster analysis (Ward's method, K‑means), as well as factor analysis and robustness testing procedures. Rosstat data, obtained through sample household surveys, as well as VСIOM polls results, served as the source of information for the research.

The scientific novelty of this study lies in the development of an adaptive methodological model for an integrated index that incorporates impartial statistical metrics with a substantiated component weighting system based on multivariate procedures, minimizing bias and ensuring relative comparability of results across space and time. The practical significance of this work lies in the potential application of the proposed statistical tools by government agencies to monitor the effectiveness of tourism programs and improve statistical accounting in domestic tourism.

The article is devoted to the analysis of data sources for measuring international migration in the region of the Commonwealth of Independent States – traditional (current statistical accounting, population censuses, administrative sources, sample surveys) and alternative data (cellular operators, big data). It is shown that annually about 700 thousand changes of permanent residence and 3–4 million temporary, primarily labor, movements are recorded between the CIS countries. However, national definitions of migrants, registration rules, length of stay, and documentation requirements vary significantly from country to country, leading to discrepancies in statistics, double counting, and disparity in indicators.

The peculiarities of accounting for labor migrants, international students, ethnic migrants, refugees, as well as differences in the migration legislation of the Commonwealth countries are considered. The experience of the CIS Statistical Committee on the use of the «mirror statistics» method is given: over 24 years, the accumulated discrepancies between the data of the countries of arrival and departure constituted about 4.9 million people (2% of the CIS population).

The transition to a dynamic population model is being discussed, integrating censuses, current accounting, administrative and alternative sources of population information into a single system. The directions of digital transformation are presented: the creation of an International Data and Metadata Hub, the introduction of BI technologies, semantic knowledge management systems and artificial intelligence to harmonize migration statistics.

The authors conclude that only the integrated use of heterogeneous data and the transition to modern analytical tools will improve the comparability, completeness and efficiency of migration statistics in the CIS region.

2026 marks the 215th anniversary of the organization of the first official statistical body, which emerged thanks to the ministerial reform of Alexander I and the suggestions of M.M. Speransky. This article is devoted to the history of the development of state statistics in Russia, from its first steps in the early 19th century to the establishment of a sustainable system by the end of the century.

The authors consistently outline key milestones: the circular of the Minister of Internal Affairs V.P. Kochubey (1802), which ordered governors to collect statistical data; the establishment of the Statistical Department within the Ministry of Police in August 1811 under the leadership of Professor K.F. Herman, a graduate of the University of Göttingen and a student of A.L. Schlözer. The successful cooperation between government bodies and academia is proved by the respective documents, presented in the paper.

The article explores the evolution of the statistical service, including the transformations of 1834 (the creation of provincial statistical committees), 1852–1858 (the formation of the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs), and 1863 (the establishment of the Statistical Council as a methodological body). The role of P.P. Semyonov (since 1906 – Semyonov‑Tyan‑Shansky), under whose leader‑ ship the First General Population Census of 1897 was conducted, is highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the international recognition of Russian statistics –participation in International Statistical Congresses, St. Peterdurg`s ISC (1872), session and the work of the VI Session of the International Statistical Institute in St. Petersburg (1897).

In conclusion, it is emphasized that the high level of pre‑revolutionary statistics was ensured by the academic training of its leaders. The continuity of the best traditions of domestic statistics is particularly relevant in the modern era of digitalization and artificial intelligence.