This article is devoted to developing practical recommendations for improving the methodological and organizational framework of the 2027 All-Russian Agricultural Census. The study covers a wide range of issues related to the preparation and conduct of a large-scale statistical survey, which necessitates the comprehensive development of regulatory documents to ensure a clear regulation of processes throughout all stages of the census work. The primary focus is on analyzing the current legal and regulatory framework governing agricultural censuses in modern Russia, examining previous experiences in conducting such exercises, and studying the specifics of international standards developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The article puts forward proposals for improving the methodology and procedures for the forthcoming census, including the introduction of innovative technological solutions such as Earth remote sensing (ERS) and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

The paper addresses issues of data quality assurance by harmonizing approaches to information recording and analysis, thereby minimizing the potential for errors and distortions. Particular attention is paid to preparing the conditions for the complete coverage of all categories of agricultural producers and ensuring data confidentiality.

The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a reasonable plan of action aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the future All-Russian Agricultural Census, creating a high-quality information base for subsequent analysis, and formulating an evidence-based strategy for the development of Russian agriculture.

The article addresses the issues of introducing the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) in Russia, specifically the problem of creating the asset accounts for forest resources.

It is observed that the introduction of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 2012 is implemented in several stages. Currently, the forest resources that are subject to accounting in Russia include only timber and hunting resources.

The authors underscore the need to expand the list of natural resources for which asset accounts are maintained by incorporating new asset categories: forest lands and recreational forest resources. To create asset accounts for each new category, the article suggests typologies of resources, indicators, their measurement parameters and the calculation formulae. The article also provides references to the information sources and offers asset accounts drafts for each type of resource. Comparing the experiences of creating respective asset accounts in the Republic of Belarus and the Kyrgyz Republic reveals similarities in approaches and potential for enhancing international cooperation.

The authors recommend expanding the set of environmental-economic accounts to embrace other forest resources, which have an economic value and play a significant role in maintaining environmental balance, while developing a common methodological basis for assessing the availability of these resources and trends in their use.

The authors conclude that environmental economic accounting will considerably expand the opportunities for sound managerial decision-making, both at the national and international levels, to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

The article examines the issues of development and application of business activity indices for the analysis, forecasting and regulation of the development of the Russian economy during the highly dynamic and turbulent period from 2022 to May 2025.

Using statistical data and applying econometric methods, the study analyzes the results of the Composite Business Activity Index developed by the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IE RAS Index), which reflects the dynamics of key sectors and domains of the national economy. The paper presents results of its comparison with the Index of output of goods and services by basic types of economic activity calculated by Rosstat (Rosstat Index).

The authors argue that Russia's ongoing structural transformation is a fundamental factor for strategic development and strengthening of national sovereignty, with business activity playing a significant role in this process. Potential directions for enhancing the effectiveness of the Composite Business Activity Index in forecasting and managing the country's socio-economic development are outlined.

It is concluded that, despite converging trends and a significant correlation between the two indices, the IE RAS Index provides a more accurate assessment of GDP growth trends. This serves as further evidence of its advantages and provides a rationale for its wider application in public administration, forecasting, and strategic planning within the Russian Federation.

This paper presents an assessment of the foreign trade relations between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China using a system of statistical indicators for international trade. The goal of this study is to conduct a quantitative analysis of the structure and dynamics of bilateral trade, based on the calculation of the Trade Intensity Index, the HM Index of trade interdependence, the Export Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, the Import Revealed Comparative Disadvantage Index, and the Trade Complementarity Index. The data source was the ITC TradeMap platform.

The results show consistently high levels of trade activity between the two countries: in 2024, the volume of trade reached a record high of 244.8 billion US dollars, while the Trade Intensity Index of both imports from China to Russia and exports in the opposite direction also updated their own maximum values, amounting to 3.72 and 3.07, respectively. The study revealed a significant asymmetry in the bilateral trade of the two countries: the value of the HM Trade Interdependence Index for Russia (14.53) was almost five times higher than that for China (3.07).

Characterizing the commodity structure of mutual trade between the two countries, comparative advantages and disadvantages, the authors identified «Fertilizers» as the most competitive commodity group of Russian exports in 2024, while China had a high demand for imports of products from the «Ore, Slag and Ash» commodity group.

The comprehensive Trade Complementarity Index has reached a peak in 2024 of 1.38, the highest value since 2017. This indicates a high degree of complementarity between the economies of the countries, particularly in the raw materials sector. In trade with Russia, China mainly specializes in the export of high-tech products and needs to import primary processed goods. Russia, in contrast, has comparative advantages in the sale of goods belonging mainly to raw material groups, and exports high-tech products to a much lesser extent. To further develop foreign trade partnership with China and diversify Russia's export structure, targeted government support is needed, as well as changes in the institutional system.

This article proposes an original methodology for analyzing first marriage entry across real generations (cohorts) using current population statistics, providing insights into marriage patterns. The novelty of the presented algorithm for estimating nuptiality stems from its ability to generate information regularly. In contrast, most domestic statistical studies have used data from all-Russian population censuses, micro-censuses, or sample surveys and have been fragmented (calculations were given only for specific time periods for which data from statistical observations were available).

To enhance the effectiveness of family and demographic policies, the authors propose to establish a regular monitoring system for marital behavior. The findings from which would enable the timely development of measures promoting earlier first marriage and first-born births. Therefore, the methodology for calculating first-marriage rates for real generations has been tested using data for the Russian Federation and its regions, demonstrating the practical value of this study.

The scientific significance of the article lies in the developed methodology, which enables the monitoring of nuptiality trends in real gene- rations at a regional level, allows for its comparison with indicators for hypothetical generations, and helps identify the impact of key factors by considering gender differences.

The article is focused on the study of the level of anthropogenic pollution and approaches to meet the climate obligations of BRICS member countries. The evolution of the climate agenda, national decarbonization strategies and the role of renewable energy sources in achieving carbon neutrality are discussed. The main task of the study is to identify the specifics of the climate strategies of BRICS five states, whose implementation takes place in the context of the current stage of world development and requires taking into account political, economic and technological change.

The study examines the factors of intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, assesses the role of traditional and renewable energy sources in maintaining the sustainability of national economies and ensuring the achievement of the SDG. The focus is made on analysis of prospective directions of transformation of energy balances of BRICS countries, including the use of innovative technologies and implementation of green growth programs aimed at minimizing negative impact on the environment.

An assessment of the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) was carried out, showing differences of states' implementation of climate initiatives. А comparative analysis of the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity of gross domestic product of the five BRICS countries for 2000–2023 has been carried out. The patterns of the dynamics were identified and recommendations were formulated to optimize the mechanisms of interaction between the member-countries in order to improve the state of the environment and increase the competitiveness of national economies.

The outcomes of the study allow to form scientifically based improvement of the public policy of environmental protection and management.