Theoretical foundation of the study consists of fundamental principles of the economic theory of market demand, as well as general statistical theory of on constructing of statistical indicators. The authors revealed economic and statistical content of the category of consumer demand, on which depends the choice of the method of measuring time coordinates. The task consists of receiving a reply to a fundamentally important for statisticians question, what an indicator of demand is - instantaneous or interval. The article shows how this kind of matter is dealt with on the basis of statistical empirical data processing.

Main characteristics of the foreign trade statistics and the corresponding balance of payments positions by the region of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS region) are compared, methodological approaches to data harmonization are recommended. The authors propose a method of conventional data reconciliation as a tool for the foreign trade statistics analysis. Examples of balancing individual CIS countries from statistical practice are presented.

The author characterizes the current state of government financing of sanatoria and resort medical treatment for people with disabilities in the Russian Federation. On the basis of economic and statistical analysis the «bottlenecks» leading to a partial defiance of the law and the citizens’ rights of in the field of social benefits are revealed. Issues of information security monitoring actual budgetary financing of social tourism are analyzed.

On the basis of official Uzbekistan statistics the following matters are analyzed: development of small business and private entrepreneurship, results of reforms aimed at improving the legal and regulatory framework, strengthening the priority and inviolability guarantees of private property. The directions for improvement of the taxation of subjects of entrepreneurship, foremost by providing, primarily through the provision of benefits and preferences.

The authors of this article formulate current issues of the 2014 round of international comparisons and the results of the 2011 round, on the basis of information relating to the Workshop on PPP-based GDP comparisons methodology (19-21 May 2014, Paris). Key topics included the following issues: experience of individual countries’ experience on automated prices collection through the Internet, new questionnaires and methodology for collecting prices from the selected industry, a new classification of primary groups adopted for ICP 2014 and ways to implement it, discussion of the final results of International Comparison Program in 2011 and the future development of the ICP.

According to official statistics the subject of patent activity in our country is investigated. Coefficients of inventive activity in Russia and in a number of countries of the world are calculated. By means of the data grouped in line with the IPC, the authors analyzed the patenting activity in our country by branches of technological development. Main factors influencing the level of the patent and scientific activity in selected countries of the world are revealed on the basis of the regression model.

This article discusses current issues concerning state bodies’ cooperation with citizens of the Russian Federation through the example of Rosstat activities on public discussion and expert support of its strategic documents. The main provisions of the Concept of transparency of federal executive bodies are given. The article focuses on the mechanisms (instruments) which are used by Rosstat to achieve the highest transparency information level of its work for all groups of official statistical information users. Considerable attention is paid to the content of the Rosstat strategic documents. The results and plans of the Federal State Statistics Service to ensure opportunities to work with open data in accordance with the basic principles of the G8 Open Data Charter (which are also discussed in the article) are given. The term «reference groups» is revealed along with its importance for the implementation of transparency principles is given. Special emphasis is put to the participation of citizens in the Rosstat activity. The authors of the article present the results of the social research (survey of experts) of the public discussion and experts’ support of the implementation of the Rosstat Action Plan as well as priority development directions for receiving feedback. The necessity of expert support and public discussion of Rosstat Action Plan and other strategic documents are demonstrated.

Based on the experience of multivariate alternative assessments of changes in macroeconomic indicators of the USSR and modern Russia, an alternative calculation of the GDP time series for the large majority of the former Soviet republics, countries of the Eastern Europe and China in the first decade of the XXIst century is carried out. The author’s assessment is based on data on the changes in two important indicators of economic dynamics: the amount of electricity consumption and the volume of freight transportation. To identify the relationship between the real GDP growth (decline) rates and growth (decline) rates of the above-mentioned indicators is used the information from six major economically developed countries with sufficiently reliable, from our point of view, macroeconomic statistics. The results of the experimental study showed that alternative evaluations of GDP time series for the majority of countries (excluding China) is lower then official figures on economic growth. Reasons for the relatively low economic growth rates are commented on. Data corroborating strong interrelation between the rate of GDP accumulation trend and economic growth rates are analyzed.

In this article on the basis of material from surveys the author comments on the results of introduction of a new wage system for teachers that, primarily, concern changes in teaching load, enabling additional incentives, willingness to learn new teaching methods. Teachers’ reaction to the introduction of the new wage system is also discussed. Information base for this study was the observation RANEPA conducted in 2013, in the course of which 1000 teachers in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region were surveyed.

Based on anonymous individual data on births, the authors analyze changes in the share of out-of-wedlock conceptions and nonmarital fertility in Russia during the past decade. The carried-out analysis reveals that the share of illegitimate conceptions considerably reduced since 2002 to 2012, and there were changes in age distribution of premarital conceptions. According to the authors, illegitimate births and premarital conceptions occur mainly in groups of the youngest, poorly educated women, however, for women of 20 years and older it is rather a deliberate decision.