The article describes the results of the analysis of indicators of polarization of incomes of the population of the North-West Federal District (Northwestern Federal District) for a five-year period from 2009 to 2013. As a methodological basis of the study there was used an algorithm for calculating and analyzing integral characteristics of population income polarization, developed by I.B. Kolmakov. Estimation of polarization indexes is based on recovery of function parameters of lognormal distribution by the reported data on the distribution of the population of North-West regions by per capita income, published annually by the Federal State Statistics Service. The study describes stages and results of restoration of function parameters. As a margin of polarization is used the mean of average income in distribution. In each region of North-West regions there is calculated percentage of the population with incomes below the average, the proportion of people with incomes above the average, population polarizer, incomes polarizer, income polarization index, criterion of income polarization.

The article describes the organizational frameworks and the technical possibilities of existing in the Republic of Tatarstan informational and analytical system «Electronic household books». Users of the Electronic household books are the executive committees of municipalities, rural communities administrations, Chambers for property and land relations, financial and budgetary Chambers of municipal areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as the territorial divisions of Statistics. The household book contains a number of important data on the agricultural sector (for quantity of rural population, the availability of land, quantity of farm animals and farm owned agricultural machinery and vehicles). The system allows to create various types of certificates at requests of population and solve many issues regarding socio-economic development of territories.

The article presents objectives, tasks and general principles for development of state statistical methodology, describes key directions for its development and improvement in 2016. The structure and content of the main tools for planning and coordination of scientific and methodological activities of Rosstat - research and development plan (R&D Plan) and Rosstat Plan on the development and approval of the official statistical methodology and instructions for completing the forms of federal statistical observation (Plan OSM)- are reviewed.

The article reviewes general perception of the image of the state statistics in modern Russian society, that ensures the formation of official statistical information. The presented case studies show the strengths and weaknesses of the existing constraints and applicability of the statistics as a tool for learning. The author argues the position shared by many national statisticians that the modern role of statistics is under-recognized by the government, business and society in general, and that statistical literacy of the Russian population is quite weak. The author states his position on the directions for increasing public confidence in official statistics, the improvement of statistical education and modern culture of mutual understanding and cooperation mechanisms between statistical agencies and units of statistical observation, ensuring the formation of much demanded objective statistics.

The article presents the results of the inter-regional comparisons and cluster analysis performed to identify stable groups of subjects of the Russian Federation, accordingly to the levels of indicators that reflect the presence and size of the tax capacity, as well as the conditions for its mobilization in the territory. The analysis is based on the proposed system of indicators reflecting the possibilities of the Russian Federation regions to achieve financial self-sufficiency in terms of the presence and size of the elements of the tax potential in the region and creation conditions in which there is a mobilization of tax potential in the form of tax revenues, and its development. For this purpose, a system of indicators includes features such as: the level of actual tax mobilization capacity; indicators of components of tax resources; specifications of adequacy of tax capacity (respecting to needs of regional budget) and completeness of its mobilization. Also, with a purpose to reflect the prospects of development of tax potential of region, there are included in the system characteristics of the tax burden and investment activity. Analysis of the distribution series of regions on the studied characteristics (the study was conducted on data based for period 2006-2013 years) showed the immutability of the situation of regional disparities, as well as the stability of the position of the Russian Federation’s regions (subjects) in relation to each other. This led to necessity of typologization of the federal subjects of Russia, not only from a position of «advanced» and «backward» regions, but also with respect to the parameters that reflect the qualitative features of regional tax capacity and conditions for its mobilization. As a result, there was highlighted some stable in time typological groups of regions and given their distinctive characteristics.

The article highlights the issues of complex analysis personnel maintenance of the research segment (sector) of the economy, performing the functions of one of the main tools of the reproduction of human capital. There are submitted the characteristics of recognition by international community of the results of researches on the various subject categories in the past five years. Revealed a scientific potential in forming a breakthrough in competitive technologies in Russia. The analysis showed that qualification and age structure of a team of experts of the sector’s average unit in current conditions do not meet requirements of high-quality and large-scale reproduction of intellectual life - the most important component of human capital. Proposed a mathematical model of staff potential of research sector, ensuring the continuity of knowledge and raising the scientific level of research. The model is based on the following qualitative criteria: continuity, expertise, priority areas of science. Structural and organizational formation of the research sector in accordance with this mathematical-statistical model allows creating optimal conditions for the functioning of an effective mechanism for the knowledge transfer. The main element of this mechanism in all areas of science is a team of seven specialists, including one PhD, three PhD and three researchers without a degree. Formulated socioeconomic conditions, providing, according to the authors, more effective reproduction of human capital.

The article focuses on the problem of assessing the level of the fuzzy phenomena as environmental safety territorial entities. The study presents a solution to this problem by neural networks. Application of neural networks allows to overcome the lack of available input information and to carry out the correct assessment of the environmental safety of territorial entities. For these purposes is used the method of neural network training. The advantages of using fuzzy neural networks are the flexibility and the possibility to work directly with implicit parameters and criteria, approximate or unknown data; a tolerance for ambiguities and contradictions of used data. This technique allowed to solve the following tasks: to carry out a typology of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of environmental safety and to develop scenarios to enhance their security; to forecast the changes in their development, taking into account environmental factors.