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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Research Institute for Socio-Economic Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service" (Statistics Research Institute of Rosstat)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-3-35-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-863</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗ РЕДАКЦИОННОЙ ПОЧТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FROM THE EDITORIAL MAIL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О подходах к измерению издержек бездействия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On Approaches to Measuring Costs of Inaction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блам</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blam</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блам Инна Юрьевна – кандидат экономических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, проспект Академика Лаврентьева, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna Yu. Blam ­– Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assistant Professor, Senior Researcher </p><p>17, Academician Lavrentyev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna@ieie.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики и организации промышленного производства СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Блам И.Ю., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Блам И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Blam I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/863">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/863</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предпринята попытка обоснования самых общих подходов к статистическим измерениям последствий непринятия должных природоохранных мер в среднеи долгосрочной перспепективе (или, по терминологии автора, оценки «издержек бездействия»). Подчеркивается, что такая оценка тесно связана с «принципом предосторожности», предполагающим отказ от применения инновационных продуктов и технологий в случае отсутствия уверенности в их безопасности для здоровья населения и окружающей природной среды. Рассматриваются основные проблемы, связанные с применением «принципа предосторожности» на практике, такие, как оценка рисков и управление ими, эффективная координация взаимодействия науки и политики, а также поиск разумного баланса между инновационной деятельностью и потенциальным социальным и экологическим ущербом.</p><p>Анализ наиболее удачных на сегодняшний день попыток определения издержек бездействия позволил выявить методологические недостатки «этического» подхода, которые заставляют относиться с некоторой осторожностью к оценкам величины расходов будущих периодов, возникающим в случае «недостаточно амбициозной» экологической политики</p><p>На примере определения издержек бездействия, ассоциируемых с добычей сланцевых углеводородов методом гидравлического разрыва пласта (фрекинга), показаны существующие методологические трудности оценки потенциальных рисков загрязнения окружающей природной среды и направления их решения. Сделан вывод о том, что в условиях высокой степени неопределенности на всех этапах оценки негативного влияния на окружающую среду применение «принципа предосторожности» может основываться на анализе степени обратимости воздействия инновационных продуктов и технологий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article attempts to establish general approaches to statistical measurements of effects from a failure to take necessary environmental actions in the medium and long term (or, to use the author’s terminology, estimating the «costs of inaction»). It is emphasized such an assessment is closely related to the «precautionary principle», which implies the rejection of the use of innovative products and technologies due to lack of confidence in their safety for the health of the population and the environment. The paper addresses main problems associated with the practical application of the «precautionary principle», such as risk assessment and management, effective coordination between science and politics, as well as finding a reasonable balance between innovation and potential social and environmental damage.</p><p>An analysis of today’s most successful attempts to determine the costs of inaction has made it possible to identify methodological shortcomings of the «ethical» approach, which forces us to treat with some caution the estimated costs of future periods that arise in the case of an «insufficiently ambitious» environmental policy.</p><p>The example of determining the costs of inaction associated with the extraction of shale hydrocarbons by hydraulic fracturing (fracking), shows the present methodological difficulties in assessing the potential risks of environmental pollution and the direction of their solution. The author concludes that under conditions of a high degree of uncertainty at all stages of assessing the negative impact on the environment, the application of the «precautionary principle» can be based on an analysis of the degree of reversibility of the impact of innovative products and technologies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>охрана окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>статистика окружающей природной среды</kwd><kwd>принцип предосторожности</kwd><kwd>издержки бездействия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>environmental protection</kwd><kwd>environmental statistics</kwd><kwd>precautionary principle</kwd><kwd>costs of inaction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">IEEP of the SB RAS in the framework of the priority direction XI.172 (Project XI.172.1.1. 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