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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКО-СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование вероятности банкротства предприятий реального сектора экономики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Potential Bankruptcy Simulation for Real Economy Enterprises</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0012-2701-7617-0469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>Константин Львович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>Konstantin L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент, департамент прикладной экономики факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>119049, г. Москва, ул. Шаболовка, 28/11, комн. 2111</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor, Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economic Sciences</p><p>28/11, Shabolovka Str., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyakov.kl@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0012-2702-0182-4875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>Марина Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент, Школа финансов факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>119049, г. Москва, ул. Шаболовка, д. 26, корп. 4, комн. 4315</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate Professor, School of Finance, Faculty of Economic Sciences</p><p>Bldg. 4, 26, Shabolovka Str., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mpolyakova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремеева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremeeva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>независимый эксперт</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>independent expert</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iseremeeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University - Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Поляков К.Л., Полякова М.В., Еремеева И.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поляков К.Л., Полякова М.В., Еремеева И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakov K.L., Polyakova M.V., Eremeeva I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/801">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/801</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование, результаты которого приводятся в данной статье, посвящено вопросам прогнозирования наступления кризисных финансовых ситуаций (с потенциальным банкротством) в предприятиях реального сектора экономики. Под потенциальным банкротством понимается такое состояние финансов, когда суммарная величина краткосрочных и долгосрочных обязательств предприятия превышает величину его активов, возникает отрицательный уровень собственного капитала, что, как правило, объясняется накоплением непокрытых убытков (отрицательной нераспределенной прибыли). Последствия возникновения такой ситуации могут быть весьма тяжелыми. Разность между величиной активов и размером заемных средств приблизительно равна стоимости чистых активов - ключевому показателю оценки финансовых результатов акционерного общества. Снижение его величины на протяжении нескольких лет до уровня, не превышающего уставный капитал, влечет либо необходимость снижения последнего, что случается крайне редко, либо ликвидацию предприятия. Кроме того, при определенных условиях предприятие обязано опубликовать уведомление о снижении стоимости чистых активов, и любой кредитор вправе потребовать досрочного исполнения обязательств, что при большой величине заемных средств может обернуться серьезной проблемой, и даже реальным банкротством.</p><p>Авторы статьи решают задачу построения модели статистической взаимосвязи значений ряда финансовых показателей с вероятностью наступления банкротства. В центре внимания - выявление значимых показателей и функциональной формы связи их значений с указанной вероятностью. Для решения этой задачи используется класс моделей, основанных на логит-регрессии для панельных данных, и алгоритм автоматической спецификации модели, который снижает влияние человеческого фактора на определение ее вида и в большей степени связывает ее со свойствами накопленных данных. Исследование основано на данных финансовой отчетности 463 российских предприятий за 2012-2016 гг. из базы данных «Информационный ресурс СПАРК». Результаты моделирования позволили получить представление о множестве показателей, которые существенно влияют на качество прогнозирования вероятности наступления банкротства, а также о характере этого влияния.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This research focuses on forecasting situations of impending financial crisis (with potential bankruptcy) in real economy enterprises. By the term potential bankruptcy is understood an enterprise’s financial situation where sum of short-term and long-term liabilities exceed its assets, which leads to a negative net equity. That, as a rule, is explained by accumulated uncovered losses (negative retained earnings). The consequences of such a situation could be very severe. The difference between asset value and borrowed funds approximately equals to net asset value - a key indicator of financial performance of a joint stock company. The decrease of net asset value below the authorized capital for several years leads either to its reduction, which happens rarely, or to a bankruptcy. Furthermore, under certain conditions, an enterprise must publish a notice concerning its net asset reduction and any creditor is entitled to demand early performance of the respective obligations, which, if the amount of debts is large, can become a serious problem and result in a real bankruptcy.</p><p>A model of the statistical relationship between a set of financial indicators and a probability of bankruptcy is constructed in the article. We are focused on identifying of significant indicators and the functional form of their values binding with the probability. To solve these problems we use a logit regression-based class of models for panel data and an algorithm for an automatic model specification. It reduces the influence of human factor on determining its type and links it with attributes of the accumulated data. This research is based on 2012-2016 financial records of 463 Russian enterprises from the SPARK-Interfax database. The results of simulation allowed us to determine a set of indicators that significantly affect forecasting quality of potential bankruptcy possibility, as well as the nature of this effect. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование вероятности банкротства</kwd><kwd>панельные данные</kwd><kwd>логит-регрессия</kwd><kwd>обобщенные полиномы</kwd><kwd>алгоритм MFP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potential bankruptcy simulation</kwd><kwd>panel data</kwd><kwd>logit regression</kwd><kwd>fractional polynomials</kwd><kwd>MFP algorithm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellovary J.L., Giacomino D.E., Akers M.D. A Review of Bankruptcy Prediction Studies: 1930 to Present // Journal of Financial Education. 2007. Vol. 33. P. 1-42. 2007. Vol. 33. 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