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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-665</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В СОЦИАЛЬНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ АНАЛИЗЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATISTICAL METHODS IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КВАНТИФИКАЦИЯ КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ В КОНЪЮНКТУРНЫХ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЯХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>QUANTIFICATION OF QUALITATIVE VARIABLES IN BUSINESS SURVEYS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-9562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китрар</surname><given-names>Людмила Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitrar</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Китрар Людмила Анатольевна - кандидат экономических наук, заместитель директора Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний, НИУ ВШЭ.</p><p>101000 Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Kitrar - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Deputy Director, Centre for Business Tendencies Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.</p><p> 4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bld. 2, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lkitrar@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-9026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липкинд</surname><given-names>Тамара Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipkind</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Липкинд Тамара Михайловна - ведущий эксперт Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний, НИУ ВШЭ.</p><p>101000 Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara M. Lipkind - Leading Expert, Centre for Business Tendencies Studies.</p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bld. 2, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tlipkind@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-0446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапкович</surname><given-names>Георгий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapkovich</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остапкович Георгий Владимирович - директор Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний, НИУ ВШЭ.</p><p>101000 Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgii V. Ostapkovich - Director, Centre for Business Tendencies Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.</p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bld. 2, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gostapkovich@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Китрар Л.А., Липкинд Т.М., Остапкович Г.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Китрар Л.А., Липкинд Т.М., Остапкович Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kitrar L.A., Lipkind T.M., Ostapkovich G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/665">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/665</self-uri><abstract><p>Данные конъюнктурных обследований предпринимательской деятельности являются распространенным в национальной и международной практике важным источником экономической информации. Их результаты отражают особенности когнитивного восприятия экономическими агентами деловых тенденций и отраслевых циклических событий в различных секторах экономики страны. Использование соответствующих измерительных процедур для обработки структурированных распределений предпринимательских мнений позволяет получать массивы информации, представляющие собой так называемую «мягкую» неколичественную статистику в режиме «почти реального времени».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The data of business (market) surveys of entrepreneurial activity are an important source of economic information in national and international practice. Their results reflect the specific features of cognitive perception by business agents of business trends and sectoral cyclical events in various sectors of the country’s economy. Using the appropriate measurement procedures for the processing of structured distributions of entrepreneurial opinions makes it possible to obtain arrays of information that are the so-called «soft» non-quantitative statistics in the «near real-time» mode.</p><p>When analyzing the results of business surveys, first of all, there are the tasks of their quantitative characterization, measuring the relationships between the qualitative characteristics of the objects surveyed and the generalization of the interrelated information into summary indicators characterizing the scale of the distribution of cyclical industry events in the economic development of the country. In this regard, the authors present the main stages and methods for quantifying the results of surveys, in particular the procedure for scaling qualitative characteristics, their quantitative determination; the possibility of applying specific statistical measures is justified. For the generalized measurement of qualitative information, the concepts of horizontal and vertical integration of survey results are introduced. The questions of adequate and logical interpretation of balance statistics, based on subjective assessments of respondents, are considered. The authors formulated reasons for combining the results of the surveys into composite indicators, which make it possible to identify the most characteristic links among simple survey indicators and simplify the analysis and interpretation of the results as a whole.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конъюнктурные обследования предпринимателей</kwd><kwd>квантификация</kwd><kwd>балансы мнений</kwd><kwd>композитные индикаторы</kwd><kwd>качественные признаки</kwd><kwd>«мягкая» неколичественная статистика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>business surveys of entrepreneurs</kwd><kwd>quantification</kwd><kwd>balance of opinions</kwd><kwd>composite indicators</kwd><kwd>qualitative characteristics</kwd><kwd>«soft» non-quantitative statistics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Программа фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ), с использованием средств субсидии в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics and funded by the state support project for the leading Russian universities «5-100»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суппес П., Зинес Дж. 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