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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-567</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ И МЕТОДОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>QUESTIONS OF THEORY AND METHODOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Измерение потенциального уровня и краткосрочных разрывов экономического роста в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measuring the macroeconomic growth dynamics in Russia: Potential level and short-term gaps</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китрар</surname><given-names>Людмила Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitrar</surname><given-names>Liudmila</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний НИУ ВШЭ, заместитель директора</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Centre for Business Tendency Studies, Deputy Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lkitrar@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липкинд</surname><given-names>Тамара Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipkind</surname><given-names>Tamara</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний НИУ ВШЭ, ведущий эксперт</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Centre for Business Tendency Studies, leading expert</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tlipkind@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапкович</surname><given-names>Георгий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapkovich</surname><given-names>Georgy</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний НИУ ВШЭ, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Centre for Business Tendency Studies,  Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gostapkovich@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>11</issue><elocation-id>567</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Китрар Л.А., Липкинд Т.М., Остапкович Г.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Китрар Л.А., Липкинд Т.М., Остапкович Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kitrar L., Lipkind T., Ostapkovich G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/567">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/567</self-uri><abstract><p>Для анализа экономического роста, соотношения совокупного спроса и предложения, подъемов и спадов в экономической активности необходима информация о том, насколько текущий совокупный объем производства отличается от его потенциального уровня. От того, выше или ниже своего потенциального уровня растет экономический агрегат, зависит уместность тех или иных мер денежно-кредитной политики: консолидации или стимулирования для сглаживания колебаний макроэкономического развития. В формате неокейнсианской экономической теории предполагается, что такая ненаблюдаемая компонента в динамике валового внутреннего продукта, как долгосрочный потенциальный уровень, соответствует установившемуся в равновесном состоянии уровню цен, а его краткосрочные разрывы с реальной динамикой отражают процессы адаптации цен и доходов к шокам.</p><p>В статье рассматривается концепция потенциального уровня и краткосрочных разрывов экономического роста, а также алгоритм расчета данных показателей с использованием производственной функции (спецификация Кобба-Дугласа). Приведены результаты эмпирической оценки потенциального уровня и краткосрочных разрывов в динамике валового внутреннего продукта России за период 2006-2016 гг. На основании полученных результатов определены амплитуда и вектор отклонений фактического совокупного выпуска от потенциальных возможностей экономики, сформулированы факторы снижения потенциального уровня совокупного выпуска и меры, способные усилить рост национальной экономики.</p><p>Начиная с середины 2014 г. отрицательные значения разрыва выпуска соответствовали кризисным явлениям, при которых труд и капитал не использовались в полной мере. Сложившийся в России негативный характер «скоростного режима» экономики способны переломить только те структурные реформы, которые будут проводиться в продуманной последовательности и в соответствии с дополнительными мерами поддержки развития новых знаний, изделий и технологий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To analyze the economic growth, the ratio of aggregate supply and demand, expansions and contractions in economic activity, we need information on how much the current total output differs from its potential level. The appropriate measures of monetary policies – consolidation or stimulation to smooth out the fluctuations of macroeconomic development – depend on whether the economic aggregate is growing above or below its potential level.</p><p>Under the neo-Keynesian economic theory, it is assumed that such an unobserved component in the dynamics of the gross domestic product as a long-term potential level corresponds to an equilibrium of the price level while its short-term gaps with real dynamics reflect the processes of price and income adaptation to shocks.</p><p>The article explores the concept of potential level and short-term gaps in economic growth as well as an algorithm to calculate them using the production function (the Cobb-Douglas specification). The results of an empirical assessment of the potential level and short-term gaps in the dynamics of Russian gross domestic product for 2006-2016 are presented. Based on the results obtained, one determined the amplitude and vector of the actual aggregate output deviations from the potential capabilities of the economy, formulated the factors contributed to reducing the output potential level and measures that can strengthen the national economic growth.</p><p>Beginning in mid-2014, the negative output gap corresponded to crisis phenomena when labour and capital were not fully used. The negative nature of the "speed regime" of the Russian economy can be changed only through those structural reforms that will be conducted in a thoughtful sequence and in accordance with additional support the development of new knowledge, products and technologies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>потенциальный уровень</kwd><kwd>краткосрочные разрывы</kwd><kwd>производственная функция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Keywords: economic growth</kwd><kwd>potential level</kwd><kwd>short-term gaps</kwd><kwd>production function</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Kitrar. Analytical Report “Industrial development in the CIS: Re-industrialization trends and potential” UNIDO. 2017. P. 15-20. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Kitrar. 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