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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Research Institute for Socio-Economic Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service" (Statistics Research Institute of Rosstat)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-535</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ И МЕТОДОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>QUESTIONS OF THEORY AND METHODOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ОБЪЕДИНЕННОГО ПРОГНОЗА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR CONSTRUCTING A COMBINED FORECAST</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Френкель</surname><given-names>Александр Адольфович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frenkel</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р экон. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ie_901@inecon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. экон. наук, генеральный директор,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lituk.n@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>эксперт,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ie_901@inecon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романюк</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanyuk</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Romvel57@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Фонд «Сонар»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fund «SONAR»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центра инновационной экономики и промышленной политики Института экономики РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Френкель А.А., Волкова Н.Н., Сурков А.А., Романюк Э.И., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Френкель А.А., Волкова Н.Н., Сурков А.А., Романюк Э.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frenkel A.A., Volkova N.N., Surkov A.A., Romanyuk E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/535">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/535</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная статья посвящена актуальной проблеме повышения точности прогнозирования временных рядов посредством объединение частных прогнозов. При прогнозировании обычно используется только один метод, а вся информация, которая содержится в других методах прогнозирования, обычно отбрасывается. Объединение прогнозов позволяет использовать почти всю информацию, содержащуюся в частных прогнозах. В статье приводится описание некоторых наиболее распространенных методов объединения прогнозов: двух модификаций метода Грэнджера-Раманатхана (без ограничений и с ограничениями на сумму коэффициентов при частных прогнозах), метод матрицы парных предпочтений, а также метод линейной комбинации частных показателей с различными весами.</p><p>Для получения частных прогнозов в статье использовались следующие часто применяемые методы прогнозирования временных рядов: метод гармонических весов, метод адаптивного экспоненциального сглаживания с использованием трэкинг-сигнала, метод обычного экспоненциального сглаживания и модель Бокса-Дженкинса.</p><p>На основе годовых данных за период с 1950 по 2015 г. о производстве в РФ некоторых продуктов в натуральном выражении: производство электроэнергии; добыча каменного угля; добыча сырой нефти; добыча природного газа; производство металлорежущих станков; производство мяса; производство растительного масла, был проведен сравнительный анализ статистических характеристик объединенных прогнозов, полученных рассмотренными методами. Также авторы рассчитали прогноз по каждому из показателей за 2016 г. и сравнили его с фактическими данными.</p><p>В результате исследования были получены следующие выводы. Объединенный прогноз имеет белее высокую точность прогнозирования временного ряда. Прогнозы, построенные с использованием подходов Грэнджера-Раманатхана, имеют наибольшую точность объединенного прогноза. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to the highly relevant problem of increasing the accuracy of forecasting time series by combining particular forecasts. Forecasting usually uses only one method, while all the information that is contained in other forecasting methods is discarded. Combining forecasts makes it possible to use almost all information contained in particular forecasts. The article describes some most common methods of combining forecasts: two modifications of the Granger-Ramanathan method (without restrictions and with restrictions on the sum of the coefficients for particular forecasts), the method of the pair preference matrix, and the method of linear combination of particular forecasts with different weights.</p><p>Authors use the following frequently used time series prediction methods to obtain particular forecasts: the harmonic weights method, the method of adaptive exponential smoothing using the tracking signal, the conventional exponential smoothing method and the Box-Jenkins model.</p><p>This analysis is based on production history of several products manufactured in Russia in 1950–2015: the production of electricity; extraction of hard coal; crude oil production; extraction of natural gas; manufacture of metal-cutting machine tools; meat production; production of vegetable oil. The authors carried out comparative analysis of the statistical characteristics of different combined forecasts. Also, the authors calculated the forecast for each of the indicators for 2016 and compared it with the actual data.</p><p>The following conclusions were obtained. The combined forecast has a higher accuracy of forecasting time series. Forecasts constructed using the Granger-Ramanathan approaches have the greatest accuracy of the combined forecast. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>объединение прогнозов</kwd><kwd>временные ряды</kwd><kwd>методы прогнозирования временных рядов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combining of forecasts</kwd><kwd>time series</kwd><kwd>forecasting methods for time series</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березовская М., Райская Н., Френкель А., Горячева И. Агрегированный индекс - эффективный измеритель инфляции // Вопросы статистики. 1996. № 12. С. 22-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezovskaja M., Rajskaja N., Frenkel’ A., Gorjacheva I. 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