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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Research Institute for Socio-Economic Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service" (Statistics Research Institute of Rosstat)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2015-0-9-38-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-262</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКО-СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Статистический анализ социальных и экологических рисков международной торговли виртуальными водными ресурсами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistical analysis of social and environmental risks of international trade in virtual water</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копнова</surname><given-names>Елена Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopnova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ekopnova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копнова Е.Д., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копнова Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopnova E.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/262">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/262</self-uri><abstract><p>Автором разработана методика статистического анализа мировой торговли виртуальной водой в контексте усиления социальной и экологической напряженности. На примере мировых торговых потоков виртуальной воды в составе сельскохозяйственной продукции исследовалось влияние экспорта и импорта этой продукции на показатели, связанные с социальными и экологическими рисками. В анализе были использованы данные с сайтов Всемирного банка и Всемирной торговой организации за период с 1994 по 2011 г. В основу методики был положен инструментарий эконометрического моделирования. Базовая модель представляет собой совокупность типологических систем внешне не связанных регрессионных уравнений, оцениваемых по панельным данным, для предварительно выделенных групп стран. В качестве эндогенных переменных в системах выступают показатели, связанные с показателями социальных и экологических рисков. В состав экзогенных переменных включены характеристики международной торговли виртуальной водой. Для определения типологической группировки стран была проанализирована их структура по отношению к сальдо экспорта-импорта сельскохозяйственной продукции и показателям мировой торговли, соответствующим индикаторам, разработанным под эгидой Всемирного водного совета. В результате проведения анализа выявлено наличие устойчивой во времени группировки стран, включающей группы преимущественно экспортеров и преимущественно импортеров сельскохозяйственной продукции. Доля третьей рассматриваемой группы, в которую входят страны с переменным знаком сальдо экспорта-импорта, составила лишь 30%. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на формирование групп, в частности показана роль водных ресурсов с позиции масштаба и эффективности их использования. Для первой группы стран было выявлено значимое воздействие экспорта продукции сельского хозяйства на показатели загрязнения окружающей среды продуктами сельскохозяйственного производства. Для второй группы особенно заметной оказалась связь ввоза и вывоза сельскохозяйственной продукции с миграционным потоком. Общей закономерностью для трех групп стран явилось то, что страны с более интенсивными торговыми потоками имели более низкий рейтинг экологической устойчивости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is proposed methods of statistical analysis of global trade in virtual water in the context of increasing social and environmental tensions. The influence of exports and imports on indicators related to social and environmental risks was investigated on the example of the world virtual water trade flows in agricultural products. Data from websites of the World Bank and the World Trade Organization for the period from 1994 to 2011 is used in the analysis. The methodology is based on econometric modeling. The base model represents a set of typological systems of apparently unrelated regression equations, estimated on panel data for pre-selected groups of countries. The indicators associated with indicators of social and environmental risks were used as endogenous variables in the system. Characteristics of international trade in virtual water were included in the composition of the exogenous variables. In order to determine the typological grouping of countries, their structure was analyzed in relation to the balance of exportimport of agricultural products and the world trade indicators corresponding to the indicators developed under the auspices of the World Water Council. As a result of the analysis the existence of stable groups of countries was shown. We found the countries that were either mainly exporting or importing agricultural products for these years. The share of the third considered group of countries with the varying sign of the balance of export and import amounted only to 30%. The factors influencing the formation of groups were revealed. In particular, the role water resources was shown, both in quantitative aspect, and from the perspective of efficiency of their use. For the first group of countries a significant effect of exports on indicators of environmental pollution on agricultural products was found. For the second group the connection of import and export of agricultural products with the migration flow was shown especially notably. The overall pattern for the three groups was the fact that countries with more intensive trade flows had a lower rating of environmental sustainability.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виртуальная вода</kwd><kwd>международная торговля</kwd><kwd>международная статистика</kwd><kwd>экологические риски</kwd><kwd>социальные риски</kwd><kwd>эконометрическая модель</kwd><kwd>virtual water</kwd><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>international statistics</kwd><kwd>environmental risks</kwd><kwd>social risks</kwd><kwd>econometric model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айвазян С.А. Прикладная статистика. Основы эконометрики: Учебник для вузов: В 2 т 2-е изд., испр. - Т. 1: Айвазян С.А., Мхитарян В.С. Теория вероятностей и прикладная статистика. - М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2001. - 656 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Айвазян С.А. 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