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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2025-32-6-78-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-2017</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ СТАТИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ уровня антропогенного загрязнения окружающей среды  в странах БРИКС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the Anthropogenic Environmental Pollution in the BRICS States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2650-9932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симонова Марина Демьяновна – д-р экон. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры учета, статистики и аудита</p><p>119546, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina D. Simonova – Dr. of Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Department of Accounting, Statistics and Audit</p><p>46, Vernadskogo Ave., Moscow, 119546</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusinamar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-3342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мхитарян</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mkhitaryan</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мхитарян Владимир Сергеевич – д-р экон. наук, профессор, профессор департамента статистики и анализа данных</p><p>109028, г. Москва, Покровский бульвар, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Mkhitaryan – Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor; Professor, Department of Statistics and Data Analysis</p><p>11, Pokrovsky Blvd., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmkhitarian@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-1569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаров Вячеслав Евгеньевич – соискатель; сотрудник </p><p>119546, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 46</p><p>119200, г. Москва, пл. Смоленская-Сенная, д. 32–34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav E. Zakharov – Applicant for the Ph.D.; Employee</p><p>46, Vernadskogo Ave., Moscow, 119546</p><p>32/34, Smolenskaya-Sennaya Sq., Moscow, 119200</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vesy333@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации; Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO University); Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симонова М.Д., Мхитарян В.С., Захаров В.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симонова М.Д., Мхитарян В.С., Захаров В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simonova M.D., Mkhitaryan V.S., Zakharov V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2017">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2017</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию уровня антропогенного загрязнения окружающей среды и подходов к выполнению климатических обязательств стран – членов БРИКС. Рассматриваются эволюция климатической повестки, национальные стратегии декарбонизации и роль возобновляемых источников энергии в достижении углеродной нейтральности. Основной задачей исследования является выявление специфики климатических стратегий государств, входящих в состав так называемой бриксовской пятерки, реализация которых осуществляется в условиях современного этапа мирового развития и требует учета политических, экономических и технологических изменений.</p><p>В работе анализируются факторы, определяющие интенсивность выбросов парниковых газов, оценивается роль традиционных и возобновляемых источников энергии в поддержании устойчивости национальных экономик и обеспечении достижения ЦУР ООН. Особое внимание уделяется исследованию перспективных направлений трансформации энергетических балансов стран БРИКС, в том числе за счет использования инновационных технологий и реализации программ зеленого роста, направленных на минимизацию негативного воздействия на окружающую среду.</p><p>Проведена оценка индекса эффективности борьбы с изменением климата (Climate Change Performance Index, CCPI), демонстрирующего различия в осуществлении государствами климатических инициатив. На основе сравнительного анализа динамики выбросов парниковых газов и энергоемкости валового внутреннего продукта пятерки стран БРИКС за 2000–2023 гг. выявлены ее закономерности и сформулированы рекомендации для оптимизации механизмов взаимодействия между участниками объединения в целях улучшения состояния окружающей среды и повышения конкурентоспособности национальных экономик.</p><p>Полученные результаты исследования позволяют сформировать научно обоснованные подходы к совершенствованию государственной политики в области охраны окружающей среды и рационального природопользования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is focused on the study of the level of anthropogenic pollution and approaches to meet the climate obligations of BRICS member countries. The evolution of the climate agenda, national decarbonization strategies and the role of renewable energy sources in achieving carbon neutrality are discussed. The main task of the study is to identify the specifics of the climate strategies of BRICS five states, whose implementation takes place in the context of the current stage of world development and requires taking into account political, economic and technological change.</p><p>The study examines the factors of intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, assesses the role of traditional and renewable energy sources in maintaining the sustainability of national economies and ensuring the achievement of the SDG. The focus is made on analysis of prospective directions of transformation of energy balances of BRICS countries, including the use of innovative technologies and implementation of green growth programs aimed at minimizing negative impact on the environment.</p><p>An assessment of the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) was carried out, showing differences of states' implementation of climate initiatives. А comparative analysis of the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity of gross domestic product of the five BRICS countries for 2000–2023 has been carried out. The patterns of the dynamics were identified and recommendations were formulated to optimize the mechanisms of interaction between the member-countries in order to improve the state of the environment and increase the competitiveness of national economies.</p><p>The outcomes of the study allow to form scientifically based improvement of the public policy of environmental protection and management.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>страны БРИКС</kwd><kwd>выбросы парниковых газов</kwd><kwd>индекс эффективности борьбы с изменением климата</kwd><kwd>возобновляемая энергетика</kwd><kwd>энергоемкость ВВП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BRICS countries</kwd><kwd>greenhouse gas emissions</kwd><kwd>Climate Change Performance Index</kwd><kwd>renewable energy</kwd><kwd>GDP energy intensity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Neill J. 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