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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2024-31-6-35-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-1818</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Измерение неравенства и влияния социальных трансфертов на доходы населения в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measuring Inequality and the Impact of Social Transfers on Household Income in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-9091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Засимова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zasimova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Засимова Людмила Сергеевна – канд. экон. наук, доцент, заместитель директора департамента прикладной экономики, факультет экономических наук, НИУ ВШЭ.</p><p>109028, Москва, Покровский бульвар, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila S. Zasimova – Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assistant Professor, Deputy Department Head, Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economic Sciences, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).</p><p>11, Pokrovsky Blvd., Moscow, 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lzasimova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Засимова Л.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Засимова Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zasimova L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1818">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1818</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируется динамика показателей экономического неравенства в России за 2006–2022 гг. и влияние социальных трансфертов на распределение доходов в обществе. Исследуется распределение получателей пособий и льгот по децильным доходным группам населения, величина социальных трансфертов и их доля в доходах домашних хозяйств с различным уровнем среднедушевых денежных доходов. Для выявления связи между доходами домашних хозяйств и вероятностью получения социальных трансфертов и их размером при помощи логистической регрессии и ОМНК оцениваются панельные регрессии со случайными эффектами. Получено подтверждение, что снижение экономического неравенства в России происходило на фоне роста социальной поддержки населения, который был особенно заметным в 2020–2022 гг. Вероятность получения домашними хозяйствами социальных пособий росла по мере снижения реальных среднедушевых доходов, однако величина получаемых социальных трансфертов не зависела от уровня дохода домашнего хозяйства.</p><p>Установлено, что во всех децильных группах населения имеются получатели пособий и льгот, но размер социальных выплат больше в домашних хозяйствах со средним и высоким уровнями дохода. При этом пособия семьям с детьми и пособия по безработице чаще всего предоставляются домашним хозяйствам из нижних доходных групп; получатели налоговых льгот преобладают в верхних доходных группах; больше всего субсидий на оплату ЖКУ получают домашние хозяйства со средним уровнем дохода, а доплаты на топливо равномерно распределены между всеми доходными группами. В целом около 50% домашних хозяйств из нижнего дециля в рассматриваемый период оставались без каких-либо социальных трансфертов, а во время кризиса 2020–2021 гг. только треть из них получали пособия и льготы.</p><p>По итогам исследования сделан вывод, что в России снижение неравенства в обществе возможно как за счет повышения адресности предоставляемых пособий и льгот, так и путем выявления потребности в помощи беднейших домашних хозяйств в периоды экономических кризисов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study analyses the dynamics of economic inequality in Russia in 2006–2022 and the contribution of the social transfer system to income distribution in society. The study examines the distribution of recipients of social benefits by decile income groups, the amount of social transfers and its share in household incomes with different income levels. To identify the relationship between household income and the probability of receiving social transfers and the size of benefits, regressions with random effects were estimated using panel logistic regression and generalized OLS.</p><p>The study determined that the decrease in economic inequality in Russia was accompanied by increased social support to the population, especially pronounced in 2020–2022. The likelihood of receiving social benefits increased as real per capita household incomes declined, but the sum of social transfers was unrelated to household income.</p><p>The author found that recipients of social benefits were present in all decile groups, and the value of social transfers was higher in house-holds with middle-and high-income levels. At the same time, benefits for families with children and unemployment benefits were most often provided to families from lower income groups; recipients of tax breaks predominated in the upper-income groups; subsidies for housing and communal services were common among households in middle decile groups, and surcharges for fuel were evenly distributed among different income groups. On average, during the study period, about 50% of households from the bottom decile remained without any social transfers, and during the crisis of 2020–2021, only a third of households in the bottom decile received benefits.</p><p>The study results suggest that there is potential to reduce income inequality by improving the targeting of social benefits and better identifying the need for social assistance from the poorest households during an economic crisis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неравенство в доходах</kwd><kwd>распределение доходов</kwd><kwd>социальные выплаты</kwd><kwd>пособия</kwd><kwd>экономический кризис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>income inequality</kwd><kwd>income distribution</kwd><kwd>social transfers</kwd><kwd>social benefits</kwd><kwd>economic crisis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стиглиц Дж. 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