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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2024-31-5-23-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-1795</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКО-СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В АНАЛИЗЕ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тестирование прогнозных свойств различных подходов к интервальному прогнозированию (на примере инфляции в России)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Testing Forecasting Properties of Different Approaches to Interval Forecasting (Using the Example of Inflation in Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7396-4666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казакова Мария Владимировна – старший научный сотрудник Центра изучения проблем центральных банков</p><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Kazakova – Senior Researcher, Centre for the Study of Problems of Central Banks</p><p>82, Vernadsky Ave., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazakova@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4058-7331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фокин Никита Денисович – научный сотрудник Лаборатории математического моделирования экономических процессов</p><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita D. Fokin – Researcher, Laboratory for Mathematical Modeling of Economic Processes</p><p>82, Vernadsky Ave., Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fokinikita@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской&#13;
Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казакова М.В., Фокин Н.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казакова М.В., Фокин Н.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazakova M.V., Fokin N.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1795">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1795</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье изложены основные результаты исследования качества интервальных прогнозов российской инфляции на основе моделей квантильной регрессии и гладкой квантильной регрессии по сравнению с OLS-моделями. Все модели строились с учетом возможности прогнозирования в реальном времени, в связи с чем авторы использовали неочищенные от сезонности данные месячной инфляции по отношению к аналогичному периоду предыдущего года. А для каждого горизонта прогноза разрабатывалась собственная модель от лаговых значений инфляции и регрессоров таким образом, чтобы в правой части уравнения всегда использовались известные значения лаговых переменных.Было протестировано большое количество спецификаций: от компактных авторегрессионных моделей с одним или двумя лагами до широких, включающих три дополнительных регрессора помимо лагов инфляции. Наилучшими по качеству с точки зрения типичной для подобной задачи CRPS (Continuous Ranked Probability Score) метрики оказались спецификации с добавлением единственной дополнительной переменной – обменного курса рубля к доллару.При сужении доверительного интервала и на более дальних горизонтах прогнозирования квантильные и гладкие квантильные модели становились более качественными относительно OLS-моделей согласно метрике CRPS.По мнению авторов, в условиях инфляционного таргетирования качественные прогнозы инфляции могут быть использованы Центральным банком Российской Федерации при проведении денежно-кредитной политики как на этапах прогнозирования будущей динамики инфляции, так и на этапе стресс-анализа российской экономики. В целом это может способствовать повышению доверия экономических агентов к Банку России в рамках концепции рациональных ожиданий</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper contains the main results of the study of the quality of interval forecasts based on quantile regression and smooth quantile regression models relative to interval forecasts based on OLS models for Russian inflation. All models in the work were built from the logic of the possibility of forecasting in real-time, in connection with which the authors used inflation that was not cleared of seasonality in the expression month to the same month of the previous year. For each forecast horizon, the authors developed a separate model from lagged values of inflation and regressors so that the known values of lagged variables were always used on the right side of the equation.The authors tested a wide range of specifications – from very compact autoregressive models with one or two lags to wide ones with three additional regressors in addition to inflation lags. The best quality from the point of view of CRPS (Continuous Ranked Probability Score) metrics typical for such a task were the specifications that included the only additional variable – the USD/RUB exchange rate. As the confidence interval narrowed and at longer horizons, quantile and smooth quantile models became increasingly better relative to OLS models according to the CRPS metric.According to the authors, in the presence of inflation targeting, qualitative inflation forecasts can be used by the Bank of Russia in conducting monetary policy when forecasting future inflation dynamics and stress-testing the Russian economy. In general, this can help increase the economic agents’ confidence in the Bank of Russia within the concept of rational expectations</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфляция</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>интервальные прогнозы</kwd><kwd>квантильные регрессии</kwd><kwd>гладкие квантильные регрессии</kwd><kwd>российская экономика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflation</kwd><kwd>forecasting</kwd><kwd>interval forecasting</kwd><kwd>quantile regressions</kwd><kwd>smooth quantile regressions</kwd><kwd>Russian economy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koenker R., Hallock K.F. Quantile Regression // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2001. Vol. 15. No. 4. P. 143–156. doi: https://10.1257/jep.15.4.143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koenker R., Hallock K.F. 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