voprstatВопросы статистикиVoprosy Statistiki2313-63832658-549910.34023/2313-6383-2024-31-4-34-55voprstat-1767Research ArticleСОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯSOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIESИнтегральные оценки детского благополучияIntegral Assessments of Child Well-Beinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-6630КалабихинаИ. Е.KalabikhinaI. E.

Калабихина Ирина Евгеньевна – д-р экон. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой народонаселения, экономический факультет,

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1.

Irina E. Kalabikhina – Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Head, Department of Population, Faculty of Economics,

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991.

ikalabikhina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-857XКучмаеваО. В.KuchmaevaO. V.

Кучмаева Оксана Викторовна – д-р экон. наук, профессор, зам. зав. кафедрой народонаселения, экономический факультет,

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1.

Oksana V. Kuchmaeva – Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Deputy Head, Department of Population, Faculty of Economics,

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991.

kuchmaeva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-3184КазбековаЗ. Г.KazbekovaZ. G.

Казбекова Зарина Германовна – научный сотрудник кафедры народонаселения, экономический факультет,

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1.

Zarina G. Kazbekova – Researcher, Department of Population, Faculty of Economics,

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991.

kazbekova.zarina@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-2435СередкинаЕ. А.SeredkinaE. A.

Середкина Екатерина Андреевна – аспирант кафедры народонаселения, экономический факультет; научный сотрудник,

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1;

119034, г. Москва, Пречистенская наб., д. 11.

Ekaterina A. Seredkina – Postgraduate Student, Department of Population, Faculty of Economics;Researcher, Institute of Social Analysis and Forecasting,

1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991;

11, Prechistenskaya nab., Moscow, 119034.

seredkina_ekaterina@mail.ruМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Институт социального анализа и прогнозирования Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской ФедерацииРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)Russian Federation2024290820243143455Copyright © Калабихина И.Е., Кучмаева О.В., Казбекова З.Г., Середкина Е.А., 20242024Калабихина И.Е., Кучмаева О.В., Казбекова З.Г., Середкина Е.А.Kalabikhina I.E., Kuchmaeva O.V., Kazbekova Z.G., Seredkina E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1767

В статье изложены результаты разработки и апробации интегральной оценки благополучия детей в России. Авторы опираются на подход, используемый такими международными организациями, как ЮНИСЕФ и ОЭСР, в рамках которого детское благополучие определяется как совокупность параметров, влияющих на жизнь детей в настоящее время и в будущем. Особое внимание уделено решению исследовательского вопроса о том, какие показатели с учетом доступности и достоверности эмпирической базы должны быть представлены в индексе детского благополучия для характеристики его экономической составляющей.

Предложенный авторами Статистический индекс детского благополучия (СИДБ) включает 27 показателей, основанных на официальных данных статистики и итогах выборочных обследований Росстата, позволяющих оценить уровень благополучия детей в регионах России. Каждый из этих показателей можно отнести к определенному домену и типу результатов. В домен «Материальное благополучие» СИДБ включено шесть индикаторов и показателей, отражающих наличие у ребенка и его семьи ресурсов для достижения конечных целей его развития.

В работе представлены результаты апробации субиндекса «Материальное благополучие» по данным за 2020–2022 гг. в региональном разрезе. Они позволяют анализировать динамику данного субиндекса, сравнивать уровни экономического благополучия детей в российских регионах, объективно оценивать достижения и выделять проблемы в обеспечении детского благополучия в целом.

The article presents the results of developing and testing an integral assessment of the well-being of children in Russia. The authors build on an approach used by international organizations such as UNICEF and the OECD, which defines child well-being as a set of parameters that influence the lives of children now and in the future. Particular attention is paid to solving the research question of what indicators, given the availability and reliability of the empirical base, should be presented in the index of child well-being to cha- racterize its economic component.

The Statistical Index of Child Well-Being (SICW), proposed by the authors, includes 27 indicators based on official statistics and the results of sample surveys of Rosstat, which allow for assessing the level of well-being of children in the regions of Russia. Each of the 27 indicators can be attributed to a specific domain and a specific type of results. The SICW's «material well-being» domain includes six indicators and indicators reflecting the availability of resources for a child and his family to achieve the ultimate goals of his development.

The paper presents the results of testing the «material well-being» subindex based on data for 2020–2022 at the regional level. They make it possible to analyze the dynamics of this subindex, compare the levels of economic well-being of children in Russian regions, objectively evaluate achievements and highlight problems in ensuring children's well-being in general.

детское благополучиематериальное благополучиеСтатистический индекс детского благополучиямониторинг положения детейинтегральная оценкаchild well-beingmaterial well-beingstatistical index of child well-beingmonitoring the situation of childrenintegral assessmentИсследование выполнено в рамках НИР «Разработка индекса детского благополучия (ИДБ) для исследования благополучия детей в российских регионах», поддержанного благотворительным Фондом Елены и Геннадия Тимченко и НИР «Воспроизводство населения в социально-экономическом развитии» экономического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова (анализ устойчивости индекса при актуализации набора показателей материального благополучия.The study was carried out within the framework of the research project «Development of a child well-being index (CHI) for studying the well-being of children in Russian regions», supported by the Elena and Gennady Timchenko Charitable Foundation and the research project «Population reproduction in socio-economic development» of the Faculty of Economics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (analysis of index stability when updating a set of indicators of material well-being).ReferencesAndrews A.B., Kaufman N.H. Implementing the U.N. Conventionon the Rights of the Child: A Standard of Living Adequate for Development. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999. 280 p.Andrews A.B., Kaufman N.H. Implementing the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child: A Standard of Living Adequate for Development. Westport, CT: Praeger; 1999. 280 p.ЮНИСЕФ. Проблема детской бедности в перспективе. Обзор благополучия детей в богатых странах. Доклад Исследовательского центра «Инноченти». Выпуск 7. Флоренция: Исследовательский центр ЮНИСЕФ «Инноченти», 2007. 55 c.Adamson P. et al. Child Poverty in Perspective. An Overview of Child Well-Being in Rich Countries. Innocenti Report Card 7. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre; 2007. 55 p. (In Russ.)Ben-Arieh A. Measuring and Monitoring the Well-Being of Young Children Around the World. UNESCO, 2006. URL: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000147444 (дата обращения 26.06.2024).Ben-Arieh A. Measuring and Monitoring the Well-Being of Young Children Around the World. UNESCO; 2006. Available from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000147444 (accessed 26.06.2024).Кислицына О.А. Международный опыт измерения качества жизни (благополучия) детей // Проблемы современной экономики. 2018. Т. 3. № 67. С. 103–106.Kislitsyna O.A. International Experience in Measuring the Quality of Life (Well-Being) of Children. Problems of Modern Economics. 2018;3(67):103–106. (In Russ.)Main G., Besemer K. Children's Material Living Standards in Rich Countries. In Handbook of Child Well-Being (Eds.) Ben-Arieh A., Casas F., Frønes I., Korbin J. // Dordrecht: Springer, 2014. P. 1445–1477. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_189.Main G., Besemer K. Children's Material Living Standards in Rich Countries. In: Ben-Arieh A., Casas F., Frønes I., Korbin J. (eds) Handbook of Child Well-Being. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014. P. 1445–1477. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_189.Gross-Manos D., Bradshaw J. The Association Between the Material Well-Being and the Subjective Well-Being of Children in 35 Countries // Child Indicators Research. 2022. Vol. 15. P. 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-021-09860-x.Gross-Manos D., Bradshaw J. The Association Between the Material Well-Being and the Subjective Well-Being of Children in 35 Countries. Child Indicators Research. 2022;(15):1–33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-021-09860-x.Adamson P. Child Well-being in Rich Countries: A Comparative Overview. Innocenti Report Card 11. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti, 2013. 56 p.Adamson P. Child Well-being in Rich Countries: A Comparative Overview. Innocenti Report Card 11. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti; 2013. 56 p.Gromada A., Rees G., Chzhen Ye. Worlds of Influence: Understanding What Shapes Child Well-being in Rich Countries. Innocenti Report Card 16. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti, 2020. 68 p.Gromada A., Rees G., Chzhen Ye. Worlds of Influence: Understanding What Shapes Child Well-Being in Rich Countries. Innocenti Report Card 16. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti; 2020. 68 p.OECD. How's Life? 2015: Measuring Well-Being. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2015. 264 p. https://doi.org/10.1787/how_life-2015-en.OECD. How's Life? 2015: Measuring Well-Being. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2015. 264 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1787/how_life-2015-en.Bradshaw J. et al. Local Index of Child Well-Being. Summary Report, London: Queen’s Printer and Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 2009. URL: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20120919122719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1126232.pdf.Bradshaw J. et al. Local Index of Child Well-Being. Summary Report. London: Queen’s Printer and Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; 2009. Available from: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20120919122719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/1126232.pdf.Land K.C. Foundation for Child Development. National Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI). New York: Foundation for Child Development, 2012. 31 p.Land K.C. National Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI). New York: Foundation for Child Development; 2012. 31 p.Jordan A., Rees E. Children’s Well-Being Indicator Review, UK: 2020. Office for National Statistics. 2020.. URL: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/articles/childrenswellbeingindicatorreviewuk2020/2020-09-02 (дата обращения 24.06.2024).Jordan A., Rees E. Children’s Well-Being Indicator Review, UK: 2020. Office for National Statistics; 2020. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/articles/childrenswellbeingindicatorreviewuk2020/2020-09-02 (accessed 22.06.2024).Measuring National Well-being: Measures of Well- Being for Children and Young People Consultation Response. Office for National Statistics. 2016. URL: https:// webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105231738/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/get-involved/consultations-and-user-surveys/consultations/measuringnational-well-being--measures-of-well-being-for-childrenand-young-people---consultation-response/index.html.Measuring National Well-Being: Measures of Well-being for Children and Young People Consultation Response. Office for National Statistics; 2016. Available from: https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105231738/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/get-involved/consultations-and-user-surveys/consultations/measuringnational-well-being--measures-of-well-being-for-childrenand-young-people---consultation-response/index.html.Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being. U.S. Government Printing Office, 2021. 204 p.Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics. America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2021. 204 p.Bradshaw J., Hoelscher P., Richardson D. An Index of Child Well-Being in the European Union // Social Indicators Research. 2007. Vol. 80. P. 133–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9024-z.Bradshaw J., Hoelscher P., Richardson D. An Index of Child Well-Being in the European Union. Social Indicators Research. 2007;(80):133–177. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9024-z.Gordon D. et al. Using Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Data to Measure Child Poverty. UNICEF MICs Conference Poverty Paper, 2003. URL: https://www.bristol.ac.uk/poverty/downloads/childpoverty/UNICEF%20MICs%20conference%20poverty%20paper.pdf (дата обращения 25.06.2024).Gordon D. et al. Using Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Data to Measure Child Poverty. UNICEF MICs Conference Poverty Paper, 2003. Available from: https://www.bristol.ac.uk/poverty/downloads/childpoverty/UNICEF%20MICs%20 conference%20poverty%20paper.pdf (accessed 25.06.2024).Wong Y.C., Wong T.Y., Wang Y. Xu. Poverty and Quality of Life of Chinese Children: From the Perspective of Deprivation // International Journal of Social Welfare. 2015. Vol. 24. No. 3. P. 236–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12115.Wong Y.C., Wong T.Y., Wang Y.Xu. Poverty and Qua- lity of Life of Chinese Children: From the Perspective of Deprivation. International Journal of Social Welfare. 2015;24(3):236–247. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12115.Minujin A., Nandy S. Global Child Poverty and Well-Being: Measurement, Concepts, Policy and Action. Policy Press: Bristol, 2012. 590 p. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847424822.003.0001.Minujin A., Nandy S. (eds.) Global Child Poverty and Well-Being: Measurement, Concepts, Policy and Action. Bristol: Policy Press; 2012. 590 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847424822.003.0001.Main G. et al. Inequality, Material Well-Being, and Subjective Well-Being: Exploring Associations for Children Across 15 Diverse Countries // Children and Youth Services Review. 2019. Vol. 97. P. 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.033.Main G., Montserrat C., Andresen S. et. al. Inequality, Material Well-Being, and Subjective Well-Being: Exploring Associations for Children Across 15 Diver- se Countries. Children and Youth Services Review. 2019;(97):3–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.033.Main G., Bradshaw J. An Index of Child Material Deprivation // Child Indicators Research. 2012. Vol. 5. No. 3. P. 503–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187012-9145-7.Main G., Bradshaw J. An Index of Child Material Deprivation. Child Indicators Research; 2012;5(3):503–521. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-012-9145-7.Saunders P., Naidoo Y. Poverty, Deprivation and Consistent Poverty // Economic Record. 2009. Vol. 85. No. 271. P. 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14754932.2009.00565.x.Saunders P., Naidoo Y. Poverty, Deprivation and Consistent Poverty. Economic Record. 2009;85(271):417– 432. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14754932.2009.00565.x.Гарифулина Э.Ш., Ипатова А.А. Опрос детей как обязательный элемент формирования индекса детского благополучия // Психологическая наука и образование. 2021. Т. 26. № 6. С. 139–148. https://doi org/ 10 .17759/pse.2021260611.Garifulina E.Sh., Ipatova A.A. Survey of Children as a Mandatory Element of the Formation of the Index of Children's Well-Being. Psychological Science and Education. 2021;26(6):139–148. (In Russ.) Available from: https://doi.org/10.17759/pse.2021260611.Зайцева Н.Г. и др. Визуализация оценки субъективного благополучия подростков // Социальные науки и детство. 2023. Т. 4. № 3. С. 7–31. https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2023040301.Zaitseva N.G. et al. Visualisation of the Assessment of Subjective Well-Being of Adolescents. Social`ny`e nauki i detstvo = Social Sciences and Childhood. 2023;4(3):7–31. (In Russ.) Available from: https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2023040301.Скрябина Я.А. Детское благополучие: социально-демографические аспекты // Социальные науки и детство. 2022. Т. 3. № 2–3. С. 107–119. https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2022030207.Skryabina Ya.A. Children's Well-Being: Socio-Demographic Aspects. Social`ny`e nauki i detstvo = Social Sciences and Childhood. 2022;3(2–3):107–119. (In Russ.) Available from: https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2022030207.Тупикина Е.Н., Кочева Е.В., Матев Н.А. Построение интегрального показателя, характеризующего положение детей в регионе // Сборник материалов Всероссийской научно-практической конференции «Статистика и вызовы современности». М.: МЭСИ. 2015. С. 507–510.Tupikina E.N., Kocheva E.V., Matev N.A. Construction of an Integral Indicator Characterising the Situation of Children in the Region. In: Proceedings of the All- Russian Scientific and Practical Conference «Statistics and Challenges of Modernity». Moscow: MESI; 2015. Pp. 507– 510. (In Russ.)Как измерить благополучие детей в российских регионах: методические материалы / Под редакцией И.Е. Калабихиной. М.: ООО «МАКС Пресс», 2023. 98 с. URL: https://cwb-index.fondtimchenko.ru/upload/iblock/794/r6o16la2j746wmftn2tv4sambdjgvla1.pdf.Kalabikhina I.E. (ed.) How to Measure Child Well-Being in Russian Regions: Methodological Materials. Moscow: MAKS Press; 2023. 98 p. (In Russ.) Available from: https://cwb-index.fondtimchenko.ru/upload/iblock/794/r6o16la2j746wmftn2tv4sambdjgvla1.pdf.Калабихина И.Е. и др. Гендерно ориентированное бюджетирование. Сборник ресурсных материалов / Научн. ред. И.Е. Калабихина. Казахстан, Алматы: Структура «ООН-Женщины», 2014. 150 с.Kalabikhina I.E. et al.; Kalabikhina I.E. (ed.) Gender-Responsive Budgeting. Trainer Resource Pack. Kazakhstan, Almaty: UN Women; 2014. 150 p. (In Russ.).Quality Standards for Development Evaluation. OECD. DAC Guidelines and Reference Series. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2010. 24 p. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264083905-en.OECD. Quality Standards for Development Evaluation, DAC Guidelines and Reference Series. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2010. 24 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264083905-en.Parsons J., Gokey C., Thornton M. Indicators of Activities, Outputs, Outcomes and Impacts in Security and Justice Programming. 2013. URL: https://www.vera.org/publications/indicators-of-inputs-activities-outputs-outcomes-and-impacts-in-security-and-justice-programming. (дата обращения 24.06.2024)Parsons J., Gokey C., Thornton M. Indicators of Activities, Outputs, Outcomes and Impacts in Security and Justice Programming, 2013. Available from: https://www.vera.org/publications/indicators-of-inputs-activities-outputs-outcomes-and-impacts-in-security-and-justice-programming. (accessed 24.06.2024).Калабихина И.Е., Середкина Е.А. Стоимость наборов новорождённого и первоклассника как индикаторы материального благополучия семей с детьми в регионах России. Уровень жизни населения регионов России. 2022. Т. 18. № 1. С. 60–71. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.1.5.Kalabikhina I.E., Seredkina E.A. The Cost of a New-born Set and a First-Grader Set as Indicators of the Families with Children Material Well-Being in the Russian Regions. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia; 2022;18(1):60–71. (In Russ.) Available from: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.1.5.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.