voprstatВопросы статистикиVoprosy Statistiki2313-63832658-549910.34023/2313-6383-2024-31-4-21-33voprstat-1766Research ArticleМАТЕМАТИКО-СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В АНАЛИЗЕ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИИMATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS AND FORECASTINGДетерминанты смертности населения России от болезней органов дыхания: статистический анализDeterminants of Mortality of the Russian Population from Respiratory Diseases: Statistical Analysishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-2654КоссоваТ. В.KossovaT. V.

Коссова Татьяна Владимировна – канд. экон. наук, доцент департамента прикладной экономики, факультет экономических наук,

109028, г. Москва, Покровский бульвар, д. 11.

Tatiana V. Kossova – Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor, Applied Economics Department, Faculty of Economic Sciences,

11, Pokrovsky Blvd., Moscow, 109028.

tkossova@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ)РоссияNational Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University)Russian Federation2024290820243142133Copyright © Коссова Т.В., 20242024Коссова Т.В.Kossova T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1766

Статья посвящена изучению отдельных детерминантов смертности населения России от болезней органов дыхания – одного из наиболее распространенных видов заболеваний в стране. Смертность по этому классу причин традиционно занимала пятое место в структуре смертности населения Российской Федерации. Однако начиная с 2020 г. в связи с пандемией новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) смертность от болезней органов дыхания переместилась на четвертое место, опередив смертность от болезней органов пищеварения. Причем повышенный по сравнению с допандемийным периодом уровень рассматриваемого показателя сохраняется, что обусловливает необходимость усиленного внимания к этой проблеме.

Цель исследования – оценка вклада определенных характеристик экономического развития региона и системы здравоохранения, экологических и поведенческих факторов в смертность российского населения от болезней органов дыхания. Информационной базой послужили данные Росстата по 77 регионам Российской Федерации с 2005 по 2022 г., а также сведения о расходах бюджетов территориальных фондов обязательного медицинского страхования. Проведен эконометрический анализ панельных данных с фиксированными эффектами для оценивания связи заболеваемости как городского, так и сельского населения болезнями органов дыхания и смертности от них с анализируемыми детерминантами.

Полученные результаты позволили определить наиболее значимые социально-экономические, экологические и демографические детерминанты смертности российского населения от болезней органов дыхания. Выводы работы подчеркивают важность таких мер государственной политики, направленной на снижение смертности населения от болезней органов дыхания, как экологические инициативы, в частности реализация федерального проекта «Чистый воздух», и борьба с табакокурением.

The article analyzes the individual determinants of mortality of the Russian population from respiratory diseases – one of the most common types of disease in the country. Mortality from this class of causes has traditionally occupied the fifth place in the structure of mortality in the Russian Federation. However, since 2020, due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), this cause of death has moved to fourth place, surpassing mortality from diseases of the digestive system. Moreover, this indicator remains at an increased level compared to the pre-pandemic period, which requires increased attention to this problem.

The study aimed to assess the contribution of certain characteristics of regional economic development and the healthcare system, environmental and behavioral factors to the formation of mortality rates from respiratory diseases. The information base consisted of data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) from 2005 to 2022 on 77 regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the information on budget expenditures of territorial compulsory health insurance funds. The author conducted an econometric analysis of panel data with fixed effects to assess the relationship between the morbidity of both urban and rural population from diseases of the respiratory system and mortality from them with the analyzed determinants.

The findings allow for determining the most significant socio-economic, environmental and demographic determinants of the mortality from respiratory diseases among the Russian population. The study's conclusions emphasize the importance of such public policies aimed at reducing mortality from respiratory diseases as tobacco control and environmental initiatives, particularly the implementation of the «Clean Air» federal project.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.