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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2024-31-2-73-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-1717</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ СТАТИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международная торговля в меняющемся мире: экономико-статистический анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trade in the Changing World: Economic and Statistical Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-4363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клупт</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klupt</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клупт Михаил Александрович – д-р экон. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры статистики и эконометрики</p><p>191023, г. Санкт-Петербург, наб. канала Грибоедова, д. 30/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Klupt – Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor; Professor of Department of Statistics and Econometrics</p><p>30/32, Griboedov Canal Emb., St. Petersburg, 191023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klupt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет (СПбГЭУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University of Economics  (UNECON)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клупт М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клупт М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klupt M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1717">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1717</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье на основе анализа временных рядов показателей отношения экспорта, импорта и внешнеторгового оборота к ВВП представлена периодизация динамики мировой торговли в 1970–2023 гг. Приведены особенности этих показателей, требующие внимания при их интерпретации. Выявлен ступенчатый характер динамики мировой торговли в рассматриваемом периоде. Усиление интенсивности внешнеторговых связей в 1970-е годы сменилось их стагнацией в 1980-е, а затем новым ростом, остановленным, в свою очередь, глобальным финансово-экономическим кризисом 2008–2009 гг. После его окончания и до настоящего времени рост интенсивности внешнеторговых связей в мире в целом так и не возобновился, а начиная с 2014 г. происходит нарастающая геополитическая фрагментация международной торговли. В настоящее время ее основными проявлениями стали быстрое увеличение товарооборота между Россией и Китаем, дальнейшее сокращение внешнеторгового оборота России со странами ЕС, резкое снижение в 2023 г. доли КНР в совокупном импорте США.Сравнение динамики показателей отношения экспорта, импорта и внешнеторгового оборота к ВВП с динамикой интегрального индекса глобализации KOF свидетельствует о синхронности изменений, происходящих в международной торговле и ходе глобализации в целом. Общим фактором, определяющим динамику обоих процессов, являются изменения миропорядка, а точками перелома – кризисы, порожденные этими изменениями. Движение к многополярному миропорядку сопровождается сегодня новым усилением барьерных функций межгосударственных границ, в результате которого глобализация по ряду ее важнейших направлений, включая международную торговлю, застопорилась или обратилась вспять</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on an analysis of the time series of the ratios of export, import, and foreign trade turnover to GDP, the article periodizes the dynamics of world trade from 1970 to 2023. The features of these indices that require attention when interpreting their changes are shown. The growth in the intensity of foreign trade was followed in the 1970s by its stagnation in the 1980s and then by a new growth which, in turn, was stopped by the global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009. After its end and until now, the growth in the intensity of international trade in the world as a whole has not resumed. Simultaneously, since 2014 there has been an increase in geopolitical fragmentation of the world trade. Nowadays, it manifests itself primarily in the rapid growth of turnover between Russia and China, further contraction of Russia’s turnover with EU countries, and a dramatic fall of China's share in the total U.S. import in 2023.Comparison of the ratios of export, import and foreign trade turnover to GDP with the KOF globalization index reveals synchroneity of changes in international trade and globalization as a whole. The common factor guiding the dynamics of both processes is a change in the world order, the breaking points of which are the crises generated by this change. The movement toward a multipolar world order is accompanied today by new strengthening of the barrier functions of state borders, resulting in a slowdown or reverse of globalization in its most vital domains, including international trade.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миропорядок</kwd><kwd>деглобализация</kwd><kwd>фрагментация мировой торговли</kwd><kwd>международная статистика</kwd><kwd>временные ряды</kwd><kwd>соотношение внешнеторгового оборота и ВВП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>world order</kwd><kwd>deglobalization</kwd><kwd>fragmentation of the world trade</kwd><kwd>international statistics</kwd><kwd>time series</kwd><kwd>foreign trade turnover to GDP ratio</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bleaney M., Tian M. The Trade-GDP Ratio as a Measure of Openness // The World Economy. 2023. Vol. 46. No. 5. 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