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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-6-37-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-1214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКО-СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В АНАЛИЗЕ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод «случайный лес» в исследовании влияния макроэкономических показателей регионального развития на уровень неформальной занятости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Random Forest Method in Research of Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators of Regional Development on Informal Employment Rate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0375-2534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зарова Елена Викторовна - д-р экон. наук, профессор, заместитель руководителя проектного офиса, ГБУ «Аналитический центр» Правительства Москвы;</p><p>профессор кафедры статистики, РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова</p><p>119019, г. Москва, ул. Новый Арбат, д. 11, стр. 1;</p><p>117997, Москва, Стремянный пер., д. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Zarova - Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Deputy Head, Project Office, Analytical Center by Moscow City Government;</p><p>Professor, Department of Statistics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</p><p>11, New Arbat Ave., Bldg. 1, Moscow, 119019;</p><p>6 Stremyanny Lane, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ZarovaEV@develop.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-8111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубравская</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubravskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубравская Эльвира Ивановна - главный эксперт</p><p>119019, г. Москва, ул. Новый Арбат, д. 11, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvira I. Dubravskaya - Senior Analyst, Project Office</p><p>11, New Arbat Ave., Bldg. 1, Moscow, 119019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elvira.dubravskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Аналитический центр» Правительства Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Analytical Center by Moscow City Government</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зарова Е.В., Дубравская Э.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зарова Е.В., Дубравская Э.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zarova E.V., Dubravskaya E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1214">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1214</self-uri><abstract><p>Тематика количественных исследований неформальной занятости как в Российской Федерации, так и в других странах имеет стабильно высокую и при этом периодически резко возрастающую актуальность, что обусловлено характерностью этого явления для стран с любым уровнем экономического развития и его высокой зависимостью от цикличности и кризисных этапов в их экономической динамике. В теоретических и прикладных исследованиях особое внимание к оценке факторов и условий неформальной занятости в Российской Федерации связано с необходимостью выработки эффективных мер государственной политики по преодолению негативного влияния неформальной занятости, в том числе на региональном уровне. Среди отрицательных эффектов неформальной занятости, вызывающих обеспокоенность федеральных и региональных органов власти, можно выделить недополучение налогов, потенциальные потери, обусловленные снижением эффективности производства, негативные социальные последствия. Для их преодоления необходима разработка количественных индикаторов, определяющих уровень неформальной занятости в регионах с учетом их специфики в общей пространственно-экономической системе России. В статье предложены и апробированы методы решения задачи выявления и оценки влияния иерархической взаимосвязи макроэкономических показателей регионального развития на уровень неформальной занятости в субъектах Российской Федерации. Большинство работ, посвященных исследованию неформальной занятости, основано на базовых статистических методах пространственно-динамического анализа, а также на ставших «традиционными» методах кластерного и корреляционноре грессионного анализа. Не умаляя достоинств этих методов, необходимо отметить их определенную ограниченность в выявлении скрытых структурных связей и взаимозависимостей в таком сложном многомерном явлении, как неформальная занятость. С целью обоснования возможности преодоления этих ограничений в статье предложены показатели региональной статистики, прямо или косвенно характеризующие неформальную занятость, а также представлены результаты применения метода «случайный лес» для выделения групп субъектов Российской Федерации на основе сходных макроэкономических параметров, определяющих неформальную занятость. Новизна данного метода с точки зрения целей исследования состоит в том, что он позволяет оценить влияние макроэкономических показателей регионального развития на уровень неформальной занятости с учетом неявных, не предопределенных исходными гипотезами иерархических взаимосвязей факторных показателей. На основе обобщения исследований, представленных в литературных источниках, а также выполнения авторами статистических расчетов с использованием данных Росстата сделаны выводы о высокой значимости макроэкономических параметров регионального развития и системных связей макроэкономических показателей в обосновании дифференциации уровня неформальной занятости по субъектам Российской Федерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The topic of quantitative research on informal employment has a consistently high relevance both in the Russian Federation and in other countries due to its high dependence on cyclicality and crisis stages in economic dynamics of countries with any level of economic development. Developing effective government policy measures to overcome the negative impact of informal employment requires special attention in theoretical and applied research to assessing the factors and conditions of informal employment in the Russian Federation including at the regional level. Such effects of informal employment as a shortfall in taxes, potential losses in production efficiency, and negative social consequences are a concern for the authorities of the federal and regional levels. Development of quantitative indicators to determine the level of informal employment in the regions, taking into account their specifics in the general spatial and economic system of Russia are necessary to overcome these negative effects. The article proposes and tests methods for solving the problem of assessing the impact of hierarchical relationships on macroeconomic factors at the regional level of informal employment in constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Majority of the works on the study of informal employment are based on basic statistical methods of spatial-dynamic analysis, as well as on the now «traditional» methods of cluster and correlation-regression analysis. Without diminishing the merits of these methods, it should be noted that they are somewhat limited in identifying hidden structural connections and interdependencies in such a complex multidimensional phenomenon as informal employment. In order to substantiate the possibility of overcoming these limitations, the article proposes indicators of regional statistics that directly and indirectly characterize informal employment and also presents the possibilities of using the «random forest» method to identify groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have similar macroeconomic factors of informal employment. The novelty of this method in terms of research objectives is that it allows one to assess the impact of macroeconomic indicators of regional development on the level of informal employment, taking into account the implicit, not predetermined by the initial hypotheses, hierarchical relationships of factor indicators. Based on the generalization of the studies presented in the literature, as well as the authors’ statistical calculations using Rosstat data, the authors came to the conclusion about the high importance of macroeconomic parameters of regional development and systemic relationships of macroeconomic indicators in substantiating the differentiation of the informal level across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод «случайный лес»</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальный анализ данных</kwd><kwd>дерево решений</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>регрессия</kwd><kwd>неформальная занятость</kwd><kwd>регионализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>random forest method</kwd><kwd>data mining</kwd><kwd>decision tree</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>regression</kwd><kwd>informal employment</kwd><kwd>regionalization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Санги А., Фрейхе-Родригес С., Пошарац А. 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