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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Research Institute for Socio-Economic Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service" (Statistics Research Institute of Rosstat)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-4-53-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-1157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКО-СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В АНАЛИЗЕ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предсказание поворотных точек российского экономического цикла с помощью cводных опережающих индексов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predicting Turning Points of the Russian Economic Cycle Using Composite Leading Indicators</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-2578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов Сергей Владиславович –  кандидат экономических наук, заместитель директора Института «Центр развития»</p><p>109074, г. Москва, Славянская площадь, д. 4/2, офис. 216</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Smirnov – Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Deputy Director, Centre of Development Institute</p><p>4/2, Slavyanskaya Ploshchad, Bldg. 2, room 216, Moscow, 109074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svsmirnov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов С.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1157">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1157</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приводится краткий обзор истории построения сводных опережающих индексов (СОИ) для России; дается характеристика важнейших индикаторов, которые на данный момент ежемесячно рассчитываются и публикуются; их можно использовать на практике для мониторинга российской экономики. Анализируются лежащие в их основе методологические подходы, а также их достоинства и недостатки. Акцентируется важность учета такого фактора, как регулярные или нерегулярные уточнения и пересмотры методик расчета СОИ, из-за которых подчас меняется не только текущая, но и «историческая» динамика индексов. Сопоставляются компоненты различных СОИ, выявляются как сходство, так и различия в представлениях о циклической динамике отдельных компонент, доходящие до того, что одни и те же индикаторы в контексте одной методики рассматриваются как опережающие, а в контексте другой как запаздывающие. Определяется набор «ядерных» показателей, входящих в расчет практически всех российских СОИ; указываются также те показатели, которые достаточно широко применяются в других странах, но в России до сих пор по разным причинам не используются.</p><p>Особое внимание уделяется проблемам, связанным с датировкой циклических поворотных точек, в частности, проистекающим из разных представлений о самом понятии экономического цикла. Подчеркивается, что датировка, получаемая на основе применения формальных статистических методов, во-первых, в значительной степени определяется чисто техническими (а не содержательными) нюансами, а во-вторых, нередко меняется задним числом при пересмотре исторических временных рядов. На основе анализа мирового опыта указывается, что выходом из этого тупика может быть определение циклических поворотных точек на основе решений специального экспертного совета, в исключительные задачи которого входит датировка циклических пиков и впадин. Описываются методологические подходы, которыми предполагает руководствоваться Комитет по датировке поворотных точек российского экономического цикла (КДПТ), созданный при Ассоциации независимых центров экономического анализа (АНЦЭА).</p><p>В заключительной части статьи анализируется способность различных российских СОИ своевременно предупреждать о приближении новой фазы экономического цикла, особенно о надвигающейся рецессии. Показано, что экспертные заключения относительно будущей динамики российской экономики, содержащиеся в ежемесячных пресс-релизах, нередко оказываются более точными, нежели выводы, которые можно получить на основе траектории СОИ с помощью сугубо формальных решающих правил. На этой основе делается вывод о том, что существующие российские СОИ могут быть усовершенствованы, для чего необходимо уточнить и окончательно зафиксировать датировку циклических поворотных точек (пиков и впадин), а также провести дополнительные исследования по идентификации различных экономических и финансовых показателей в качестве опережающих, синхронных или запаздывающих показателей российского экономического цикла.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides a brief overview of the background of constructing composite leading indicators (CLI) for Russia; the paper defines key indicators which currently are calculated and published monthly; they can be put in practice to monitor the Russian economy. The underlying methodological approaches are analyzed, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The importance of accounting for a factor of regular or irregular updates and revisions of methods for calculating the CLI is emphasized. Due to them not only the current but also the “historical” dynamics of the indices occasionally change. The paper compares various CLI components and reveals both similarities and differences in the notion of the cyclical dynamics of individual components, reaching the point that the same indicators depending on the methodology are considered as leading, or as lagging. A set of “core” indicators included in the calculation of almost all Russian CLIs is determined; the author also noted those indicators that are widely used in other countries but not yet in Russia, for various reasons.</p><p>Special attention is paid to the problems of dating economic cycle turning points, in particular, those arising from different notions of the very concept of the economic cycle. Dating using formal statistical methods, ﬁrstly, is mostly determined by purely technical (and not substantive) nuances, and secondly, it often changes retroactively when revising historical time series. Analysis of global experience indicates that the way out of this impasse can be the detecting of cyclical turning points based on the decisions of the special expert council, whose sole tasks include dating cyclical peaks and troughs. The article describes methodological approaches that the Economic Cycle Dating Committee (Russian Dating Committee, RDC) under the Association of Russian Economic Think Tanks (ARETT), is supposed to follow.</p><p>The ﬁnal part of the article analyzes the ability of various Russian CLIs to timely warn when a new phase of the economic cycle is approaching, especially the impending recession. It is shown that expert opinions on the future dynamics of the Russian economy, contained in monthly press releases, are often more accurate than the conclusions that can be obtained based on the CLI trajectory using purely formal decision rules. On this basis, it is concluded that the existing Russian CLIs can be improved; this calls for clariﬁcation and ﬁnally ﬁxing the dating of cyclical turning points (peaks and troughs), as well as for conducting additional research to identify various economic and ﬁnancial indicators as the leading, synchronous or lagging indicators of the Russian economic cycle.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>российская экономика</kwd><kwd>экономический цикл</kwd><kwd>рецессия</kwd><kwd>циклические индикаторы</kwd><kwd>опережающие индикаторы</kwd><kwd>поворотные точки. JEL: E32</kwd><kwd>E37. doi:     https://doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-4-53-65.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian economy</kwd><kwd>economic cycle</kwd><kwd>recession</kwd><kwd>cyclical indicators</kwd><kwd>leading indicators</kwd><kwd>turning points</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в ходе проведения исследований в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as part of the research within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davydov A., Popov V., Frenkel A. Index of Business Activity in Russia: Construction and Results. 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