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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Research Institute for Socio-Economic Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service" (Statistics Research Institute of Rosstat)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-4-5-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-1155</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF METHODOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стресс-тестирование в статистическом моделировании деловой активности в условиях шоков конъюнктуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stress Testing in Statistical Modeling of Business Activity in Conditions of Market Shocks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-8723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лола</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lola</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лола Инна Сергеевна – кандидат экономических наук, заместитель директора Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний </p><p>109074, г. Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna S. Lola  – Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Deputy Director, Centre for Business Tendency Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge</p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bldg. 2, Moscow, 109074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilola@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-8024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мануков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manukov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мануков Антон Борисович  – ведущий аналитик Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний</p><p>109074, г. Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton B. Manukov  – Leading Analyst, Centre for Business Tendency Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge</p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bldg. 2, Moscow, 109074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amanukov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-2544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакеев</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakeev</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакеев Мурат Булатович –  аналитик Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний</p><p>109074, г. Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Murat B. Bakeev  – Analyst, Centre for Business Tendency Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge </p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bldg. 2, Moscow, 109074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbakeev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лола И.С., Мануков А.Б., Бакеев М.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лола И.С., Мануков А.Б., Бакеев М.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lola I.S., Manukov A.B., Bakeev M.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1155">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1155</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторами предложена оригинальная методика стресс-тестирования в статистическом моделировании деловой активности на основе результатов конъюнктурных обследований для изучения возможных сценариев развития, спровоцированной внешними непредвиденными шоками со стороны спроса и предложения, как в случае с пандемией COVID-19. Кроме того, в статье представлен обзор существующих подходов в области стресс-тестирования и построения стресс-индексов с акцентом на методах, базирующихся на моделях векторной авторегрессии и их различных модификациях. Таким образом, целью статьи является адаптация существующих методик макроуровневого стресс-тестирования для их использования на базе результатов конъюнктурных обследований.</p><p>Основой для эмпирических расчетов являются данные конъюнктурных опросов руководителей российских предприятий обрабатывающей промышленности, отражающие их совокупные оценки сложившегося состояния деловой активности. Используемые в статье методы включают: во-первых, формирование на базе результатов конъюнктурных обследований c 2008 г. по март 2020 г. четырех композитных индексов, отражающих различные аспекты деловой активности предприятий (индекса спроса, индекса производства, индекса финансов и индекса занятости); во-вторых, построение модели BVAR (Bayesian Vector Autoregression) и ее применение для изучения и сравнения различных прогнозных сценариев реакций индексов на шоки конъюнктуры.</p><p>В результате исследования были получены прогнозы динамики индексов как реакции на четыре возможных шоковых сценария: кратковременный, V-, W-, и U-образный. При этом для каждого из сценариев представлены случаи шока со стороны спроса, производства и их одновременного воздействия.</p><p>Выводы на основе результатов данного исследования указывают на ключевую роль спроса в динамике всех рассматриваемых индексов и на сравнительно большую чувствительность индекса занятости по отношению к индексу спроса и индекса финансов по отношению к индексу производства. W-образный шок оказался наихудшим из четырех рассмотренных сценариев.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors proposed an original method of stress testing in statistical modeling of business activity based on the results of business tendency surveys to study possible scenarios for the development triggered by external unforeseen supply and demand shocks, as in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also provides an overview of existing approaches in the ﬁeld of stress testing and the construction of stress indices with an emphasis on methods based on vector autoregressive models and their various modiﬁcations. Thus, the article aims to adapt existing methods of macro-level stress testing for their use based on the results of business tendency surveys.</p><p>The basis for empirical calculations was the data from business tendency surveys of the leaders of Russian manufacturing enterprises, reﬂecting their combined estimates of the current state of business activity. The methods used in the article included: ﬁrstly, the formation of four composite indices based on the results of business tendency surveys from 2008 to March 2020, reﬂecting various aspects of business activity of enterprises (demand index, production index, ﬁnancial index and employment index); secondly, the construction of the BVAR (Bayesian vector autoregression) model and its application for studying and comparing various forecast scenarios of index reactions to market shocks.</p><p>The results of the study, forecasts of the dynamics of indices were obtained as a reaction to four possible shock scenarios: short-term, V-, W-, and U-shaped. Moreover, for each of the scenarios, cases of shocks from the side of demand, production and their simultaneous impact are presented.</p><p>The conclusions based on the results of this study point to the key role of demand in the dynamics of all the considered indices and to the relatively greater sensitivity of the employment index in relation to the demand index and the ﬁnance index in relation to the production index. W-shaped shock was the worst of the four scenarios considered.</p><p>Conclusions based on the study results indicate the vital role of demand in the dynamics of all the indices under consideration, the Wshaped shock, as the worst of the considered scenarios, as well as the relatively higher sensitivity of the employment index to the demand index and the ﬁnance index to the production index.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стресс-тестирование</kwd><kwd>конъюнктурные обследования</kwd><kwd>сценарный анализ</kwd><kwd>промышленность</kwd><kwd>модель векторной авторегрессии</kwd><kwd>байесовские методы</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stress testing</kwd><kwd>business tendency studies</kwd><kwd>scenario analysis</kwd><kwd>manufacturing</kwd><kwd>vector autoregressive model</kwd><kwd>Bayesian methods</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена в ходе проведения исследования в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The paper was prepared within the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fornaro L., Wolf M. 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