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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprstat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы статистики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Statistiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-6383</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Research Institute for Socio-Economic Statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service" (Statistics Research Institute of Rosstat)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-1-53-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprstat-1049</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATISTICAL METHODS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экономическое развитие и циклические настроения российских предпринимателей после рецессии 2014-2016 годов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Development and Cyclical Sentiment of Russian Entrepreneurs After the Recession in 2014-2016</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-9562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китрар</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitrar</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Китрар Людмила Анатольевна – канд. экон. наук, заместитель директора Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний.</p><p>101000, Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila A. Kitrar – Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Deputy Director, Centre for Business Tendency Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.</p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bld. 2, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lkitrar@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-9026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липкинд</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipkind</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Липкинд Тамара Михайловна – ведущий эксперт, Центр конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний.</p><p>101000, Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara M. Lipkind – Leading Expert, Centre for Business Tendency Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.</p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bld. 2, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tlipkind@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-0446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапкович</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapkovich</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остапкович Георгий Владимирович – директор Центра конъюнктурных исследований Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний.</p><p>101000, Москва, Славянская пл., д. 4, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy V. Ostapkovich – Director, Centre for Business Tendency Studies, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.</p><p>4, Slavyanskaya Sq., Bld. 2, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gostapkovich@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Китрар Л.А., Липкинд Т.М., Остапкович Г.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Китрар Л.А., Липкинд Т.М., Остапкович Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kitrar L.A., Lipkind T.M., Ostapkovich G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1049">https://voprstat.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1049</self-uri><abstract><p>Ключевой вопрос исследования, результаты которого представлены в данной статье, состоит в определении эффективности использования в практике анализа отраслевого и макроэкономического развития оценок непосредственных участников отраслевых событий - хозяйствующих субъектов. В работе тестируется гипотеза о взаимном влиянии экономического роста и предпринимательского поведения. Предполагается, что экономическая цикличность продуцируется не только макроэкономическими шоками, но и импульсами, генерируемыми в предпринимательской среде. Настроения и ожидания предпринимателей рассматриваются в этом случае и как следствие происходящих экономических событий, и как предупреждающий фактор, влияющий на принятие экономических решений.</p><p>Для проверки гипотезы авторы используют результаты всех секторальных конъюнктурных мониторингов НИУ ВШЭ и Росстата, отражающие совокупные настроения и ожидания около 24 тыс. предпринимателей и 5 тыс. потребителей. Результаты мониторингов объединяются в индекс экономических настроений (ИЭН), алгоритм расчета которого основан на общепринятой международной методологии и актуализирован с учетом особенностей российской экономики.</p><p>Совместная декомпозиция временных рядов ИЭН и референтного индекса физического объема ВВП (ИФО ВВП) с выделением циклов роста и датировка поворотных точек подтверждают циклическое соответствие в динамике анализируемых индикаторов. Эмпирическая закономерность в динамике ИЭН и ИФО ВВП выявляется на основе кросскорреляций, долгосрочной линейной регрессии, а также посредством двумерной модели векторной авторегрессии, на основе которой затем прогнозируются краткосрочные значения исходных индикаторов. Результаты прогнозирования позволяют предположить медленное и неустойчивое ускорение роста ВВП в 2020 г.</p><p>С учетом оперативности расчета ИЭН и заметного опережения его публикации по сравнению с официальным представлением данных о росте ВВП, а также статистической эффективности в статье сделан вывод о допустимости и надежности использования накопленных за 20-летний период обобщенных оценок предпринимательских и потребительских настроений в качестве опережающей информации об экономическом росте в стране.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The core objective of the study, results of which are summarized in this article, is to determine the effectiveness of using assessments of economic agents in the analysis of sectoral and macroeconomic development. The paper tests the hypothesis of the cross impact of economic growth and entrepreneurial behavior. It is assumed that economical cyclicity is produced not only by macroeconomic shocks, but also by the impulses generated in the business environment. The sentiment and expectations of entrepreneurs are considered in this case both as a consequence of the ongoing economic events, and as a warning factor affecting the economic decision-making.</p><p>To test the hypothesis, the authors used results of all sectoral business tendency monitoring of the HSE and Rosstat, which reﬂect the aggregate sentiment and expectations of about 24 thousand entrepreneurs and 5 thousand consumers. The monitoring results are combined into the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI), which calculation algorithm is based on the generally accepted international methodology and is updated taking into account the speciﬁcs of the Russian economy.</p><p>The joint decomposition of the time series of the ESI and the reference series of GDP growth with extracting growth cycles and the dating turning points conﬁrms the cyclical correspondence of the dynamics of the analyzed indicators. An empirical consistency of ESI and GDP time series is revealed based on cross-correlations, a long-term linear regression and through a two-dimensional vector autoregression model. This model is used for short-term forecasting; the forecasting results indicate an unstable and slow acceleration of GDP growth in 2020.</p><p>Given the ESI calculation efficiency and a noticeable advance in its publication compared to publication of official data on GDP growth, as well as ESI statistical effectiveness, it can be concluded that the aggregate estimates of entrepreneurial and consumer sentiment accumulated over a 20-year period are acceptable and reliable as leading information on economic growth in the country.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конъюнктурные обследования</kwd><kwd>индекс экономических настроений (ИЭН)</kwd><kwd>циклы роста</kwd><kwd>индекс предпринимательской уверенности (ИПУ)</kwd><kwd>композитные индикаторы</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>опережающие индикаторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>business tendency surveys</kwd><kwd>economic sentiment indicator (ESI)</kwd><kwd>growth cycles</kwd><kwd>business conﬁdence index (BCI)</kwd><kwd>composite indicators</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>leading indicators</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в ходе проведения исследования в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (НИУ ВШЭ) и с использованием средств субсидии в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as a part of the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics using the funding provided through the 5-100 Russian Academic Excellence Project.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирный банк. 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